The Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs - 986 Words

â€Å"No pen can give an adequate description of the all-pervading corruption produced by slavery.† Harriet Jacobs through her narrator Linda Brent reveals why she has chosen to share the story of her life in bondage. In her book, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Jacobs’ recounts the hardships she endured and those she encountered throughout her life in slavery. In the of her book Jacobs’ wrote she states, â€Å"†¦I do earnestly desire to arouse the women of the North to a realizing sense of the condition of two millions of women at the South†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in this way she clearly identifies her audience and her reason for sharing her story. Harriet Jacobs composed her narrative in a way that would influence the Christian Anglo women of the 1800’s. Linda Brent shares the recount of her life in slavery in first person. She begins her autobiography with this forward statement, â€Å"Reader, be assured this narrative is no fiction†¦ I have not exaggerated the wrongs inflicted by Slavery; on the contrary, my descriptions fall far short of the facts.† Brent directly speaks to her readers telling them to â€Å"be assured† by doing this she asserts herself as a real and confident narrator. Although Brent is taking control of her readers, she also creates an intimate bond by directly addressing them. By creating a realistic narrator, she lowers the likelihood of the readers to instinctively interpret her story as implausible or debauched. It is well known that the white women of the 1800’s were often veryShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs858 Words   |  4 PagesThe way that Harriet Jacobs describes slavery in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl was not a surprise to me. I believed t hat slaves were treated poorly and often times were hurt, the way that I thought of slavery is just like it is described in the book if not worse. I will discuss what I believed slavery was like before I read the book, how slavery was according to the book using in text citations and examples and also explain my thoughts on why the treatment was not a surprise to me. FromRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1606 Words   |  7 PagesSlaves in the southern states of the United States were oppressed, beaten, and deprived of their natural human rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Which in turn caused many slaves to resist their ill fate that was decided by their masters. Through the story of â€Å"Incidents in the life of a slave girl† by Harriet Jacobs she wrote in her experience how she was resisting her masters and how many people helped her in her escape. And it wasn’t just black that resisted the slave systemRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1791 Words   |  8 PagesIn the slave narrative entitled Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs also known as Linda Brent, is faced with a number of decisions, brutal hardships, and internal conflicts that she must cope with as an enslaved black woman. She opens the narrative with a preface that states: â€Å"READER, be a ssured this narrative is no fiction. I am aware that some of my adventures may seem incredible; but they are, nevertheless, strictly true. I have not exaggerated the wrongs inflicted by Slavery†Read MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesIncidents in the life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs, she talks about how her life changed while serving different and new masters and mistresses. I think that this narrative writing is an important text to help us understand the different perspectives of slavery in America. There are some slave owners that are kind and humane, and some slave owners that are cruel and abusive. Additionally, reading from a female slave’s perspectives teaches us that life on the plantations and life in the house isRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacob Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacob’s writes an autobiography about the personal s truggles her family, as well as women in bondage, commonly face while maturing in the Southern part of America. While young and enslaved, Harriet had learned how to read, write, sew, and taught how to perform other tasks associated with a ladies work from her first mistress. With the advantage of having a background in literacy, Harriet Jacobs later came to the realization that she wouldRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1198 Words   |  5 PagesIn her autobiography, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs portrays her detailed life events on such an intense level. Jacobs was born in 1813 in North Carolina. She had a rough life starting at the age of six when her mother died, and soon after that everything started to go downhill, which she explains in her autobiography. Her novel was originally published in 1861, but was later reprinted in 1973 and 1987. Harriet Jacobs presents her story using numerous detailed descriptionsRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1292 Words   |  6 Pagesslavery. I chose to focus on two texts: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. In the personal narrative Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, author Harriet Jacobs depicts the various struggles she endured in the course of her life as a young female slave and, as she grew older, a runaway escaped to the â€Å"free† land of the North, referring to herself as Linda Brent. Throughout this story, Jacobs places a heavy emphasis on the ways in which Brent andRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs928 Words   |  4 Pagesin the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs offers the audience to experience slavery through a feminist perspective. Unlike neo-slave narratives, Jacobs uses the pseudonym ‘Linda Brent’ to narrate her first-person account in order to keep her identity clandestine. Located in the Southern part of America, her incidents commence from her sheltered life as a child to her subordination to her mistress upon her mother’s death, and her continuing struggle to live a dignified and virtuous life despiteRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1335 Words   |  6 PagesHarriet Jacobs wrote Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (Incidents) to plead with free white women in the north for the abolition of slavery. She focused on highlighting characteristics that the Cult of True Womanhood and other traditional protestant Christians idolized in women, mainly piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness. Yet, by representing how each of her characters loses the ability to maintain the prescribed values, she presents the strong moral framework of the African AmericanRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1575 Words   |  7 Pagesncidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Slavery, in my eyes, is an institution that has always been ridiculed on behalf of the physical demands of the practice, but few know the extreme mental hardships that all slaves faced. In Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs writes autobiographically about her families and her personal struggles as a maturing mullatto child in the South. Throughout this engulfing memoir of Harriet Jacobs life, this brave woman tells of many trying times

History 1301 Free Essays

Wooster U. S. HISTORY 1301 – Triad E Review Guide: Exam Two Fall 2011 As stated in the syllabus, your second History exam, covering the second section of the course, will be on October 28. We will write a custom essay sample on History 1301 or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will be a closed-book test; no books, notes, or electronic devices are to be used during the exam. Blue books will be provided for you to write your answers in; all you’ll need to bring is a couple of pens or pencils to write with. Leave backpacks, books, etc. , either at the front of the room or along the aisles when you come in, being careful to take personal valuables with you to your seat. As there is not a class before us, we will open the room at 9:45 for those of you wanting a little extra time. Students will not be permitted into the room after 10:10. Readings terms – On parts I and II of the exam, you will be responsible for the following terms, names, etc. , from the assigned readings: Lewis and Clark Expedition Black Hawk War Trails of Tears Benjamin Franklin Bache Hinton Rowan Helper Thomas Larkin Nathan Appleton â€Å"war hawks† Denmark Vesey Juan Seguin Tecumseh The Impending Crisis Juan Bautista Alvarado Alexis de Tocqueville David Walker Robert Fulton Prophet’s Town George Fitzhugh Sarah Bagley Part I: Chronologies (20 pts. ) Six of the following topics will appear on the exam. Each topic will then have three persons, events, or trends listed under it. You will then need to place the persons, events, or trends in their proper chronological order. The majority of the subjects for the chronologies will come from the lectures; a few will come from the list of readings terms above. You will be asked to answer four of the six chronology topics. Ratification of the Constitution Political party developments and changes Relations with England â€Å"Assertive diplomacy† following the War of 1812 Bank â€Å"war† Changing systems of production Territorial expansion Relations with Indians War of 1812 â€Å"generations† of slave experiences Nullification Part II: Matching (30 pts. ) There will be ten matching questions, each worth three points. On these, you will need to give the letter which best describes or corresponds with the numbered person or event in question. Six of these will come from the lectures, and four from the list of readings terms above. Part III: In-class essay (50 pts. ) The class will vote to delete one of the following questions. Two of the remaining four questions will appear on the exam. You will be required to answer one of those two. The questions are not designed to be mutually 1 Wooster Fall 2011 exclusive; that is, information used in answering one question might also be used in answering another. Also please remember that you need to include specific evidence and examples, and that you need to use appropriate academic discourse in writing for your audience. As such, remember to: ? be specific and thorough; ? rovide as many examples as you can; ? EXPLAIN the evidence; many of you lost valuable points by not explaining things, and by not telling the reader why they were so important (ask yourself, â€Å"so what? †) ? provide some sort of context; ? use paragraphs (which will help you structure your essay); ? use topic sentences (to help introduce what you will say in that paragraph); ? write at least a brief conclusion. We do not want to trick you. If you have questions, please feel free to ask them in class, to drop by during my office hours, or to ask your seminar leader. . Discuss the constitutional convention at Philadelphia and the process by which the constitution was ratified, making sure to explain the perspectives of Federalists as well as anti-Federalists. Why was James Madison so frustrated with the Confederation? Why was Patrick Henry so fearful of the proposed constitution? How did they attempt to counter the other’s arguments? Use the lectures, the essay on Madison and Henry, and the textbook to write a complete answer. 2. Discuss the views of Alexander Hamilton on the federal government. What things did he believe the government needed to do in order for the nation to succeed? Why? How did he justify his views, in light of the limitations imposed upon the federal government by the constitution? Why did Democratic-Republicans like Benjamin Franklin Bache oppose Hamilton’s efforts? Explain, using the lectures, the essay on Hamilton and Bache, and the Created Equal textbook to write a complete answer. 3. Discuss slavery in the antebellum United States, from an institutional as well as the slaves’ perspective. Make sure and explain both of these perspectives, as well as the criticisms of Hinton Rowan Helper. Use the lectures, the essay on Hinton Rowan Helper and George Fitzhugh, and the Created Equal textbook to write a complete answer. 4. Voter turnout increased from 27% in 1824 (the disputed election between Jackson, Clay, Adams, and Crawford) to 80% in 1840 (Harrison’s triumph). What issues, personalities, political parties, and campaign techniques explain this dramatic change in voter behavior? Use the lectures and the Created Equal textbook to write a complete answer. . Discuss the territorial expansion of the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century, making sure to discuss the Louisiana Purchase, the Transcontinental Treaty, the annexation of Texas, and the acquisition of California and the Southwest from Mexico. How did Americans explain and justify this expansion? How were Tejanos and Californios treated during this process? Explain, making sure to use t he lectures, the essay on Thomas Larkin and Juan Bautista Alvarado, and the Created Equal textbook to write a complete answer. 2 How to cite History 1301, Papers

Managing Change and Innovation Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Managing Change and Innovation. Answer: Key Selection Criteria Supports Strategic Direction- Always followed the direction in which the company aims to work. In case of the 1st Company BT Financial Group the best level of support was provided as required by the banks at the earliest. In case of the next company the hardware and software issues were diagnosed and resolved via phone or email. In the third company 1st and 2nd level of support was provided for all incidents and problems related to IT. In fourth company, 1st and 2nd level of support was provided to the doctors and nurses as when required. Achieves results- In all the four companies results were achieved at the earliest and best possible solutions were provided to the problems raised by the concerned people. Supports Productive working relationships Relationships with the other employees and the concerned vendors of the company were maintained so that the problems can be solved easily and in less time. Displays personal drive and integrity Always completed every task with personal efforts. Tried to comply with the different customer requirements. Communicates with influence In all the four companies communication skills have been used effectively to train new staff members and giving them orientation about the company by sharing knowledge. From the above stated responses it can be said that all the key selection criteria are addressed and hence, the job is appropriate. Experience related to STAR Model Extensive training given to 1st level employees in BT Financial Group/ Westpac (Bt.com.au, 2017) : Implemented a training program for the 1st level employees of the Financial Institution so that the support to the banks can be provided in the 1st level itself. A training program was organized for the employees of level 1. The reason being that the problems can be solved in the 1st level itself. With the help of this training program, the employees can be trained in such a way that the problems related to the banks can be solved securely in the 1st level, without escalating the problems in the next levels. In this case, the time consumed to solve the problems is saved (Brown and Osborne, 2012). Security systems related to the solving of the problems which includes password resets or account unlocks for the banks was improved. The 1st level employees were trained regarding the new security systems. The employees were also trained in such a way that the quality of their work can also be improved (Stone, 2013). This training program resulted in the increase in the number of problem solving and support system for the banks also strengthened. The improvement of the security systems resulted in the increase of trust of the banks and as a result of which the amount of work also increased (O'Meara and Petzall, 2013). References Brown, K. and Osborne, S.P., 2012.Managing change and innovation in public service organizations. Routledge. Bt.com.au (2017).Contact us | BT. [online] Bt.com.au. Available at: https://www.bt.com.au/personal/contact-us.html [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. O'Meara, B. and Petzall, S., 2013.Handbook of Strategic Recruitment and Selection: A Systems Approach. Emerald Group Publishing. Stone, R.J., 2013.Managing human resources. John Wiley Sons Australia.

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas free essay sample

Bruno uses the metaphor of the ‘leaking boat’ to remind Maria that everyone is stuck in a hopeless situation. They should work as a team to face the same problems that come about Maria defends Bruno’s father because he has provided her with a home and living. She feels indebted to father. Bruno begins to see Maria as an individual person. He begins to see that she must have a life outside of her relationship to his family. Bruno learns that Pavel was a doctor before he came to Out-With. Pavel explains that he wanted to be a doctor his whole life. Bruno also suspects that Pavel wore a beard at some point. When Pavel says, â€Å"Just because a man glances up at the sky at night does not make him an astronomer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He is trying to imply that Although Bruno believes mother is trying to take credit for Pavel’s caretaking, she is actually protecting Pavel from harm if the soldiers discover that he initiated interaction and conversation with Bruno. We will write a custom essay sample on The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pavel is very courteous and respectful to Bruno as shown when he calls him, â€Å"young man†, unlike Kotler who is quite in`solent and disrespectful to Bruno when he calls him â€Å"little man†, which may also suggest he is  referring  to him as small and insignificant. Mother goes up to him and kisses him on the cheek and comments on the fineness of the fabric  that the uniform is made from. She later compliments her husband for looking ‘very handsome in his  new uniform’. Grandfather too, is supportive of his son’s military occupation and is proud thathe has been ‘elevated  to such a responsible position’. He praises his son saying that it makes him ‘proud’ that the country’s pride is being reclaimed. Grandmother is  unimpressed by her son’s  appearance and recent promotion. Her son’s loyalty to the Nazi caused a huge disappointment to her. Grandmother thinks that her  son has become so involved in  his military activities and enthusiasm to develop in his career that he doesn’t see that he has been  manipulated by the  Nazis –like a puppet on  a string’- into doing terrible things and not ‘caring’ about their implications. Her husband is bitter and angry about the suffering that the  Germans had to face after the Great War and is also focused on reclaiming the pride of the country. Her daughter-in-law is focused on how smart and handsome her husband looks. However, in Grandmother’s mind, what is ‘of importance’ is  the widespread suffering that the Nazis have  caused. Grandmother expresses her strong opposition to her son’s occupation,  accusing him of ‘not even caring’ about the consequences his job brings. Grandmother  recognises the harm that the Nazis have inflicted on the world- ‘doing the terrible, terrible things you do’.

Humanities Perspectives essays

Humanities Perspectives essays How do we as people decide what is moral an what is immoral? This semester as a class we have discussed and analyzed several philosophers views on morality and where it comes from. We have discussed: Rachels idea of relativism, Nietzsches might makes right, Platos divine command, Hume and Stevensons Moral sentiment and emotivism, Hobbes and Feinbergs Egoism, and Hobbes and Rawls Social contract theories. Now, how does each one of these theories stand up against the case of the Suicide Tourists? Does one better explain the morality of such a thing? Could one theory make it right and the other totally wrong? We dont know what is actually right. We can only use each theory as a ruler to measure the morality compared to each. Rachels describes relativism saying: what ones culture does is considered to be moral. He states that no one culture is superior to another, and just because one society thinks an act to be moral, does not mean that it is not immoral to another. Applying this theory to the case of the Suicide Tourists raises two questions: Are we basing what is moral on the tourists who come to relieve their suffering? Or, are we basing what is moral on Dignitas? By Rachels definition of relativism, the tourists are immoral, and Dignitas is considered to be moral. The tourists, who come to Switzerland to ease their sufferings are obviously coming from a culture that says euthanasia is wrong by their moral code. Otherwise, these people would not be traveling to this unknown place to kill themselves. Dignitas, on the other hand, is in the clear because their society allows the practice of euthanasia. If the society looked down on it, then there would be laws against it, prohibiting its exist ence. When Rachels thought up relativism, I seriously doubt that he thought about two cultures clashing like this. How can this be moral fo...

A Stars Life And Death Sciences Essay

A Stars Life And Death Sciences Essay When we look in the sky at night and see all the stars your eyes can see. We think they are permanent although we may think this technology has given us the chance to see otherwise. Massive telescopes like the Hubble space telescope has let us experience and see the birth and death of stars. Where some stars just burn out and fade away other stars go out with a bang. There are billions upon billions of starts in space and their all different sizes. But only one type of star will collapse in and turn its self into a black hole. A protostar: Let’s start from the beginning, the pillars of creation is a piece of a space nebula 7,000 light years away from earth in the eagle nebula it is just one of the billion birth places of stars. What are they made up of well I’ll tell you they are made up of dust gas and different elements of the periodic table like hydrogen, helium, calcium oxygen silicone and iron. As gravity forces this dust and gas mixture into a flat disc accretion occurs, a process in which more atoms are added to create a protostar. Now at this stage a star is not yet stable because of the countless reactions occurring within the forming star. For this newly forming star to become stable it must reach equilibrium. Equilibrium is the balancing act between the star and gravity. Equilibrium occurs by gas pressure equaling the force of gravity. Gas pressure occurs by thermonuclear fusion which is the combining of the nuclei of small atoms to form the nuclei of larger ones, with a resulting release of large quantities of energy. For nuclear fusion to begin and equilibrium to occur the core of a protostar has to reach 18 million degrees Fahrenheit. When it reaches this critical temperature it will begin nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. And if nuclear fusion doesn’t happen it will end up a brown dwarf. Once nuclear fusion begins a star is born. Main sequence star: A main sequence star is made up of essentially two sections the core w here nuclear fusion occurs and the outer gaseous shell. Stars will live out most of their life in the main sequence just as our sun is. Once a star begins nuclear fusion it becomes self luminous it generates its own heat. Now how long will a star live out its life well that’s hard to tell it all depends on the stars mass and it turns out that how hot a star is will determine the color of the star like for instance a red dwarf star which is  ½ to 1/10 the mass of our sun. With its surface temperature less than 7,000 degrees Fahrenheit and is also the most common type of star in the universe. However we don’t see the small Red stars we see the massive blue main sequence star, its surface temperature is 45,000 degrees Fahrenheit, it is up to 20 times the mass of the sun and up to 10,000 times more luminous than that of our sun. There is however a down side to being a massive blue star. With that being said the less the mass of a star the less atoms a star has to maintai n its equilibrium. The bigger the mass of a star the more atoms a star will have to maintain its equilibrium. With regards to a stars life however the more massive a star the shorter its life will be and the less massive a star the longer it’s life. This is because in larger stars thermonuclear fusion happens at a much faster rate than that of a smaller star. Once a star has reached equilibrium it has not stopped changing there just isn’t a huge amount of change going on, and as we already know a star will live out most of its life in this stage. But we must remember gravity forced the star together to begin with and it also wants to destroy it.

Rhetorical Analysis Macroeconomic Policy and Diversity Conservation Research Paper

Rhetorical Analysis Macroeconomic Policy and Diversity Conservation - Research Paper Example The article may not be emotional in its tone due to the nature of the literature which is academic writing that follows the formal rules of writing, but the topic nevertheless touched on our concern about the environment. It appeals to our sense of responsibility that we have to do something to save our environment from degradation and to do that we should regulate the pollutants emitted by industry. The topic has emotional significance to the readers because the reader is aware how ruined our ecosphere is and how it contributes to global warming. Considering the source of the journal which is EBSCOhost, the article has the assurance of the integrity of its argument to be grounded on sound scientific study having been scrutinized by the stringent academic standard. This was evident with how the author argued on how to regulate the industry by using the government’s macroeconomic tools to regulate the emission of industrial pollutants from an economist point of view. The author wrote with authority to convey that she is an authority on the subject.Being an academic journal, the article posed its appeal to the readers using logic or logos. It reasoned that by taxing heavily industries which pollute, it could encourage business to be ecologically responsible. The variations of the government’s macroeconomic policy which are the fiscal and monetary tools were argued from the point of the reason how the author’s proposal is feasible in controlling industrial pollution.

Article Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Article Comparison - Essay Example Much data has indeed been disseminated on Hurricane Katrina and the challenges which health officials faced in spreading and the media in retrieving accurate and timely public health data during emergencies (Cohen, et.al., 2008). Evaluating how the media publicizes tragedies is an important aspect in communication research. Even as some media scholars have considered separate news coverage for public health issues, there is still an inadequate evaluation on the news coverage of public health issues during tragedies. Hence, this study is being carried out in order evaluate the content of national newspapers in relation to the Hurricane Katrina news coverage (Cohen, et.al., 2008). By evaluating such data, it may then be possible to close the gap between theoretical models of agenda setting and the wealth of public health data which need to be conveyed for the sake of public health service (Cohen, et.al., 2008). ... A statistical evaluation was then applied on the stories included in the sample with the application of cross tabulations and Pearson’s chi-square (Cohen, et.al., 2008). The study then revealed that 8.5% of the articles were related to efforts by first responders to the hurricane. About 6.4% of the articles focused on who or what was to blame for the disaster; 4.6% discussed practical concerns including access to health services; 2.1% covered animal rescue; 3.0% discussed reasons why the people stayed in New Orleans; 2.1% discussed racism; 2.1% covered disease; and finally, 2.1% of the news articles discussed population conflict (Cohen, et.al., 2008). The objectives of this study were met because the paper was able to cover the type of news discussed by the media in the aftermath of the Katrina hurricane. The results also revealed the ways by which the hurricane impacted the people in terms of health services and access to said services. It also revealed the fact that a small and diminishing number of newspaper articles included those which released public health data over time. Moreover, news articles on the hurricane impact on communities as well as reliable health information also diminished over time (Cohen, et.al., 2008). This study sets forth the importance of addressing public health impact of tragedies and the ways by which the media seems to underreport and reduce public health issues. The authors pointed out that this study is relevant because of the hurricanes which occur year after year and which significantly impact on our lives (Cohen, et.al., 2008). It is therefore important for practitioners to record the lessons learned from previous disasters and apply these lessons

Road to Independence Notes Essay Example for Free

Road to Independence Notes Essay People are reconsidering the policy of colonialism. 1. After WWII, people questioned whether dictatorship was a good idea. 2. â€Å"All nations should be free from the power of other nations. † 3. Keeping colonies had a high cost. It wasn’t worth it. 4. Colonized people pressed harder for freedom. Ex: British-held India II. A Movement Toward Independence A. The Indian’s strive to freedom intensifies. 1. British had power over India for 2 centuries. 2. Britain drafted Indians into WWII in 1939 without the consent of the the colony’s representatives. . Gandhi launched civil disobedience and many who followed were arrested. 4. To gain favor of the Indians, Britain promised government changes after WWII, but didn’t offer freedom. B. Besides colonialism, India struggles with internal conflict. 1. They have religious disagreements. 350 million Hindus 100 million Muslims 2. The Congress Party (aka Indian National Congress: India’s national political party) was made up mostly of Hindus, and a few Muslims. C. The Muslim League is created. 1. The Muslim League (1906) is the organization against the mostly Hindu Congress Party, aimed to protect Muslim interest. . (The leader) Muhammad Ali Jinnah asked all Muslims to leave the Congress party. He would not accept independence from Britain if it meant staying under Hindu rule. III. Freedom Brings Turmoil A. The decision of who receives power is being made. 1. The British lost much wealth after WWII, and was ready to turn over their power, since keeping up with colonies was cos tly. 2. The power will either be given to Hindus or Muslims. B. Muslims resisted Hindu domination. 1. Rioting broke out and in 1946, there were 20,000 casualties in a 4 day clash in Calcutta. C. Pakistan was created. 1. To maintain peace, Britain decided to partition (division of Indian religions into separate nations; idea first brought up by Muslims) India. 2. North western and eastern part of India became Pakistan which was dominated by Muslims. D. Everything in India was being divided. 1. British granted India and Pakistan a month of independence in July 16, 1947. 2. Princes had to decide which nation they’d join. 3. The civil service (courts, military, railways, police) was divided. 4. The differing religions had to decide where to go. E. One million people died during the move to their new nation. 1. Muslims killed Sikhs moving to India. 2. Sikhs and Hindus killed Muslims going to Pakistan. 3. Gandhi went to the Indian capital (Delhi) to ask for mercy, but was killed by a hindu extremist in January 30, 1948. F. Hindus and Muslims fight for Kashmir. 1. Kashmir is at the northern point of India next to Pakistan. 2. It had a Hindu ruler, but the majority of people living there was Muslim. 3. Fighting continued until UN arranged cease-fire in 1949. 4. One-third went to Pakistan (Muslims) and the rest to India (Hindus). IV. Modern India A. India has become the world’s largest democracy. 1. India gained independence in August 15, 1947. 2. Jawaharlal Nehru (the independent nation’s first prime minister) addressed India’s freedom. B. Nehru is the leader. 1. He served the first 17 years of India’s independence as leader. 2. He was a devoted follower of Gandhi. 3. He emphasized democracy, unity, and economic modernization, and became very popular with all Indian groups. C. Nehru pushed India forward. 1. He led newly independent nations into making alliances with other non aligned nations. 2. He reorganized the states by language and pushed for industrialization and social reform. 3. He raised the status of those in lower class (lower castes and women). D. A new leader came. 1. Nehru died in 1964. 2. His daughter, Indira Gandhi, became prime minister in 1966, left office, and was re elected in 1980. E. Challenges set on Indira caused more violent acts and death. 1. Sikh extremists wanted an independent state. 2. The Golden Temple was the Sikh’s religious center. 3. The Sikhs attacked symbols of Indian authority, so Indians troops overran the Golden Temple, killing 500 Sikhs and destroying sacred property. 4. Indira was gunned down by Sikh bodyguards and another murder spree occurred, killing thousands of Sikhs. . Indira’s son, Rajiv, became prime minister, but lost power because of corruption. He was then killed. F. Atal Bihari Vajpayee faced problems. 1. The leader of the nationalist party of India, Vajpayee, faced challenges of overpopulation and strife among religions. 2. The struggle between India and Pakistan was bad, now that they became nucle ar powers. India exploded a nuclear device in 1974. For 24 years, India improved nuclear capability in private. In 1998, 5 nuclear tests were conducted. Pakistanis also showed they had nuclear capabilities. The nuclear weapons of both rival groups became an international concern, especially because of Hindus and Muslims continuous struggle over Kashmir. V. Pakistan Copes with Freedom A. Pakistan was already very turbulent and had differences between West Pakistan and East Pakistan. B. The two regions of Pakistan struggled with each other. 1. A tidal wave hit East Pakistan and killed 266,000 residents in 1970, calling for international aid that West Pakistan was not eager in giving. 2. East Pakistan protested and called to end all ties with West Pakistan. C. Pakistan undergoes its own partition. 1. On March 26, 1971, East Pakistan became Bangladesh. 2. Civil war broke out. Indians sided with Bangladesh and Pakistan surrendered. 3. 1 million people died. 4. One-seventh of area and one-half of the population in Pakistan was lost. D. Pakistan is instable. 1. After the death of the first governor general of India, the nation had no strong leader and went through many military coups. First in 1958 by Ali Bhutto Second in 1977 by General Zia Third Benazir Bhutto, Ali’s daughter, became prime minister. Fourth, Sharif in 1997. VI. Bangladesh and Sri Lanka Struggle A. Bangladesh faces many problems. 1. War brought economic and communication issues in Bangladesh. 2. Sheik Mujibur Rahman became the first prime minister of Bangladesh. Interested more in power than making reparations 3. Bangladesh tries to become democratic and fraud and corruption was common. Recently, it has been more stable and Begum Khaleda Zia became prime minister in 2001. 4. Natural disasters were troublesome. Bangladesh (low-lying) is subject to cyclones, tidal waves, massive storms which floods lands, ruins crops, takes lives, and homes. 5. Rapid growth in population put stress on the economy. B. There is civil strife in Sri Lanka. . Sinhalese Buddhists and Tamil Hindus make up the two main groups in Sri Lanka. 2. Tamils wanted to become a separate Tamil nation and violence occurred in order to do so. Rajiv Gandhi and the president on Sri Lanka made an agreement that called Indian troops to disarm Tamil rebels. A civil war between Tamils and Sri Lankans still exists. New Nations in Africa: Chapter 34 Section 3 I. Setting the Stage A. Africa was also a nation victim to colonization. B. Like India, they were unwilling to return to colonization after WWII, so they also won their independence and went on to creating new African nations. II. Achieving Independence A. A movement is made for Black Heritage. 1. The French-speaking Africans and West Indians grew pride for traditional Africa. 2. The Negritude movement (movement to celebrate African culture, heritage, and values) was formed. B. WWII changed the views of colonies and colonizers, which helped Africa gain independence from 1950s-1960s. 1. The African joined Europeans in WWII to defend freedom, and were unwilling to return to colonization. 2. The European colonizers developed morale and wondered whether it was a good idea to still hold colonies. In addition to morale, maintaining colonies was costly and wasn’t viewed as something worth losing money for. C. Africa achieved independence in a unique way. 1. Unlike other colonized areas that pushed for independence, Africa was colonized indirectly and directly. Those who were ruled indirectly were able to enjoy limited self-rule and were ruled by local officials. They achieved independence more easily. Those ruled directly were governed at all levels by foreigners and did not have any self rule. To get independence, they had to fight wars. D. Africa struggled even after they gained their independence. . They had to start from scratch: creating a new gov. , and establishing postcolonial economy. 2. Internal conflicts made it hard create stable nations. When colonized by Europeans, Africa was separated by random and many tribes who shared the same culture were divided and enclosed with rival groups, causing violence. III. Ghana Leads the Way A. The Gold Coast, a British col ony, achieves full independence. 1. The Gold Coast (South of the Sahara) achieved independence, so British allowed for Africans to be nominated for legislative council. 2. However, they wanted full freedom and created a group. . Kwame Nkrumah (leader of the nonviolent group) organized strikes and boycotts, and was also imprisoned many times, (starting in 1947) eventually being able to liberate the Gold Coast from the British government. B. Good intentions called for opposition against Nkrumah. 1. The Gold Coast became Ghana (from the Ghana Kingdom of Africa) after it received its independence in 1957. 2. Nkrumah, the first prime-minister and president for life, pushed for industrialization by building new roads, schools, and health facilities. 3. His programs were too costly, and people began to oppose him. C. Ghana still continues to struggle. 1. Nkrumah was criticized for neglecting economic issues. 2. When in China (1966) he was replaced by the police and army in Ghana. 3. The power shifts between civilian and military rule, and Ghana struggles economically. 4. 2000 marks the first open election in Ghana. IV. Fighting for Freedom A. The British is forced to allow Kenyan self-government. 1. The British were unwilling to give Kenyans independence because they’ve taken over prized farmland in the northern highlands of Kenya. 2. The Kenyans had 2 developments which forced British to surrender. Jomo Kenyatta’s (Kenyan nationalist) strong leadership. The Mau Mau, a secret society of mostly native Kenyan farmers forced out of the highlands by British people. B. The Mau Mau fight for independence. 1. Guerilla tactics were used to push out the British from the highlands. 2. Kenyatta had no connection to the Mau Mau but did not stop them from fighting for their freedom. 3. Kenyatta was imprisoned for about a decade. 4. Kenya was granted independence in 1963, however, 10,00 Africans and 100 settlers died. C. After gaining independence, Kenya still faced some struggles from poor leadership. 1. Kenyatta became the president and worked to reunite various groups in his nation, but he died in 1978. 2. He was succeeded by a weak leader, Daniel arap Moi. 3. Under Moi’s leadership was opposition to his one-party rule, corruption, and conflicts between ethnicities killing hundreds and making thousands homeless. 4. He left office in 2002, and a new party gained power through elections. D. Algeria wins independence through battle. 1. Algeria had a population of 1 million French and 9 million Arabs and Berber Muslims. 2. French did not want to share political power with the natives even after WWII. . The FLN (Algerian National Liberation Front) would fight for freedom, and upon hearing this, the French sent half a million troops to fight the FLN. 4. The FLN won and gained independence in July 1962. E. Uncertainty within Algeria calls for civil war. 1. The FLN leader, Ahmed Ben Bella, becomes president and attempts to make Algeria follow socialism, but is overthrown. 2. From 19 65-1988, Algeria tried to modernize, but failed. Religious fundamentalists wanted to make Algeria an Islamic state because they were dissatisfied with the current government and high unemployment rates. 3. The Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) won elections in 1990 and 1991, but the government and army refused the results. 4. Civil war broke out between Islamic militants and the government, and goes on and off until this day. V. Civil War in Congo and Angola A. The people of Congo were unprepared for independence, and it led to turmoil. 1. Belgians colonized and plundered Congo taking all its riches and resources such as rubber and copper. 2. They gave no social services to the natives of Congo, and did not prepare them for independence. 3. They granted Congo (aka Zaire from 1971-1997) independence in 1960, which cause upheaval, and civil war. B. Congo goes through two leaders. 1. Years of civil war sprung up, and Mobutu Sese Seko (aka Colonel Joseph Mobutu) seized power in 1965. He renamed Congo to Zaire and ruled it for 32 years. He held control over Zaire with force, one-party rule, and bribing supporters with gifts. He withstood rebellions. 2. In 1997, he was overthrown by Laurent Kabila (rebel leader). Zaire was renamed The Democratic Republic of Congo. C. Kabila wasn’t the leader people hoped for, and a new leader rises. 1. He became president and promised a democracy, but never delivered it. 2. Civil war broke out again, and rebel groups wanted to overthrow Kabila. . He was assassinated by a bodyguard in 2001. 4. Joseph Kabila, his son, took power and pushed for peace. 5. Rebels stopped rebelling in 2002 in hope that the peace may come. D. Angola (South West of Congo) fought for independence. 1. Angola was ruled by the Portuguese who were unwilling to let go of their colony. 2. An independence movement broke out and Portugal sent 50,000 troops to end it, which wiped out half of Portugal’s budget. 3. The cost of war and the war’s opposition in Portugal called for them to withdraw from Angola in 1975. E. Civil war broke out in Angola. 1. Angola became a new nation, and the MPLA (Communist leaning â€Å"Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola†) declared itself as the government. 2. Rebel groups fought against the government for power. 3. 50,000 Cuban troops and Soviet Union supported the MPLA. 4. South Africa and the U. S. supported the UNITA (the major opposition to the MPLA; â€Å"National Union for the Total Independence of Angola†) 5. The MPLA and UNITA abandoned many cease-fire agreements, but in 2002, a peace accord was agreed to and the civil war ended. Conflicts in the Middle East: Chapter 34 Section 4 I. Setting the Stage A. By the end of WWII, Jewish finally gained its own state, which proved to have bad consequences. 1. The Jewish gained a state that was located by the Mediterranean Sea. 2. It consisted of mostly Arabs who rejected the creation of a Jewish state. 3. Palestinians claimed Jewish states to be theirs, therefore opposing Jewish states. 4. Wars were fought between Jews and Arabs, and Jews and Palestinians. II. Israel Becomes a State A. Palestinians, Jews, and Arabs all claim the same lands (Israel, West Bank, and the Gaza Strip in modern day Palestine). 1. Jews’ reason: 3,000 before, Jewish Kings ruled the lands from Jerusalem. . Palestinians’ reason: land was theirs since Jewish exile on A. D. 135. 3. Arabs’ reason: their conquest of the lands in the 7th century (600s). B. The Jews wanted to return to Palestine and gain a Jewish state centuries after their exile. 1. The Jewish were unable to gain their own state after their exile, and dispersed around the world (Diaspor a). 2. Zionists (people who favored a Jewish state in Palestine) started returning to their homeland during the 19th and 20th centuries (1800s-1900s). C. A British idea of creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine cause sparks between the Jews and Palestinians. 1. The British directed Palestine (League of Nations’ commands) as a result of the loss of the Turkish Ottoman Empire in WWI. 2. Many Jews were in Palestine, and pressed for their own nation. 3. Palestinians opposed the idea, so when Secretary Sir Arthur Balfour of Britain proposed creating a Jewish state while keeping the rights of non-Jewish communities (Balfour Declaration) and the plan failed, tensions rose between Palestinians and Jews. D. The U. S. and many European nations felt sympathy towards the Jews, who were targeted in the Holocaust, so they devised a plan that would give Jews what they desired. 1. The UN General Assembly voted for partition in Palestine, one part being a Palestinian state, the other being a Jewish state, and Jerusalem being an international city owned by no one. 2. The Jews made up 34% of the population but gained 55% of the land. E. The partition was set, although Muslims and Palestines rejected it. 1. â€Å"The UN has no right to make such a proposal without first consulting the majority who will be affected by it. †- Muslims and Palestinians. 2. David Ben Gurion (leader of Jews in Palestine) announced that the independent nation of Israel was formed on May 14, 1948. III. Israel and Arab States in Conflict A. War broke out between Israeli and Arab states. 1. The first one (won by Israel) was a day before Israel became a nation, where Islamic states (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi, Arabia, and Syria invaded Israel. B. The partition wasn’t fully effective because of fighting. 1. Israel seized half of Palestine in 1948-1949. 2. 600,000 Palestinians left to nearby UN sponsored refugee camps. 3. Arabs also seized Palestinian lands. C. War broke out in 1956 during the Suez Crisis. 1. Egypt seized the Suez Canal. 2. Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egyptian president) sent troops to seized the canal controlled by British because he was angry that the U. S. and British stopped financially supporting Egypt’s Aswan Dam. 3. Britain formed an alliance with France and israel to regain the Suez canal. 4. Israel defeated the Egyptians using air support of their European allies. 5. The war ended when the U. S. and Soviets forced Israel and Europeans out of Egypt, ultimately giving Egypt the Suez Canal by the end of the Suez Crisis. D. Another war broke out in 1967, called the Six-Day War. 1. Nasser and Arab allies, equipped with Soviet tanks and aircraft were ready to confront Israel and close off Israel’s outlet to the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aqaba. 2. Israelis knew Arabs would attack, so the struck airfields in Egypt, Iran, Jordan, and Syria, and ground forces defeated Arab states in this Six-Day War. 4. Israelis gained the lands around them (Jerusalem, Sinai Peninsula, The Golden Heights, and the West Bank). 5. They served as buffers for future attacks. 6. Palestinians living in Jerusalem chose Jordanian citizenship, and others not living in Jerusalem went other Jewish control. E. A fourth War broke out in October 1973, called the Yom Kippur War. 1. Anwar Sadat,(Egyptian president who succeeded Nasser) planned an Arab attack on Israel during Yom Kippur. . Sadat was able to reconquer land lost in the Six-Day War. 3. Golda Meir (prime minister of Israel during the Yom Kippur War) counterattacked and regained most the land. 4. After weeks of fighting, a truce was declared. F. Palestinians pushed for recognition and its own state. 1. The UN had given Palestinians its own state during the partition, but the land given was seized by Is raelis during their vast amount of wars. 2. The PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) was organized by Palestinian officials in 1964, and initially consisted mostly of social workers, like teachers, lawyers. 3. Guerilla fighters then dominated the PLO and insisted that to get what they want, it needs to be done by means of struggle. 4. Yasir Arafat became PLO’s chairman in 1969 and carried out attacks on Israel, which was supported by Arabs, since they were able to operate on Arab land. IV. Efforts at peace A. An attempt of peace was made by Anwar Sadat. 1. In 1977, he declared that Israeli parliament (Knesset) and Arabs make peace, with the terms that Israel returns the land they took in the Six-Day War and recognize Palestinian rights. B. An agreement is reached between the Israel and Arab country. 1. President Carter invited Anwar and the Israeli prime minister, Menachem Begin, to a presidential retreat, Camp David, Maryland, 2. There, Begin and Sadat negotiated, and finally in 1979, Carter announced that Egypt recognized the Israeli state and Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula, in an agreement called the Camp David Accords. C. Peace was maintained even after Anwar’s assassination. 1. Muslim extremists were enraged at his plan for peace, and killed him. 2. Hosni Mubarak maintained the peace. D. Tensions increased between Israelis and Palestinians. 1. The military of PLO intensified its armed struggle with Israel during the 1970s-1980s. . Israel responded by bombing bases of Palestinian towns and invading neighboring countries such as Lebanon, to destroy Palestinian strongholds. 3. Israel became involved in the Lebanon civil war and was forced to withdraw. 4. Palestinians showed their frustration with civil disobedience (using boycotts, attacks on Israeli soldiers, demonst rations, and rock throwing) called intifada (uprising) in 1987. 5. This put global pressure on Israel, which forced them to organize peace talks with Israeli and Palestinian delegates on October 1991. E. The peace talks made little progress, so a new document was made. . Secret talks in Oslo, Norway produced an agreement called the Oslo Peace Accords (Declaration of Principles), which stated that Palestinians have self-rule in the Gaza Strip and West Bank, beginning with the town of Jericho. 2. The agreement was signed on September 13, 1993 by the Israeli prime minister, Yitzhak Rabin, and Arafat. F. The agreement was hard to work out. 1. A Jewish extremist, who opposed concessions to Palestinians, assassinated Rabin in 1995. 2. He was succeeded by Benjamin Netanyahu, who also opposed the Oslo Accords, but was willing to keep to the agreement. . He met with Arafat in 1997 to discuss Israeli partial withdrawal from the West Bank. V. Peace Slips Away A. The peace agreement is stalled. 1. Prime Minister Ehud Barak (1999) supported the peace plan more t han Netanyahu. 2. (2000) Bill Clinton hosted a summit meeting between Ehud Barak and Arafat in Camp David, but they couldn’t reach a compromise. B. A second intifada was launched. 1. An Israeli political leader, Ariel Sharon, visited the Dome of the Rock, a reverend place for Muslims. 2. Muslims were outraged and broke out a new intifada. 3. The second intifada was much like the first one, but instead, included suicide bombers which called for more bloodshed. 4. The Israelis responded by bombing possible Palestinian refugee camps, where extremist could be hiding. They also bombed Arafat’s headquarters. C. Peace seems far from being reached. 1. Ariel Sharon became the prime minister of Israel in 2001, and refused to negotiate with the Palestinians if the attacks of suicide bomber continued. 2. Israeli officials declared to no longer meet with Arafat, who had strained relations with many Israeli leaders. D. A solution for peace is being worked on. 1. Arafat agreed to lessen his involvement in peace talks, and the first prime minister of the PLO, Mahmoud Abbas, was appointed in 2003. 2. George W. Bush brought together Sharon and Abbas to work on a peace plan called the â€Å"road map. † E. Sharon and Abbas are willing to find a solution. 1. Sharon declared that he looks for the day when Palestinians can govern themselves in their own state. 2. Abbas declares that the goal was for Israel and Palestine to live side-by-side in peace and security. Central Asian Struggles: Chapter 34 Section 5 I. Setting the Stage A. The region of Central Asia changes throughout history because it has been invaded by many powerful groups (Mongols, Byzantines, Ottomans, and the rulers of the Soviet Union. B. The people of this region still tried to keep its culture, and longed to create their own nations. 1. It was made possible with the fall of the Soviets Union. C. They were faced with challenges in making strong independent nations. II. Freedom Brings New Challenges A. Two geographic areas are made. 1. The Soviet Union fell in 1991. 2. Their republics in the south became 15 independent nations which were split into two geographic areas. 3. Transcaucasian Republics (Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia) lies between the Black and Caspian seas, on the Caucasus Mountains. 4. Central Asian Republics (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan) lies east of the Caspian sea and extends to the Tian Shan and Pamir mountains. B. These independent nations deeply depended on the Soviet Union for economic help, so they could not be independent. C. The Soviets made economic practices which weakened these nations’ economy. 1. Eg: The Soviets made Central Asian Republics available farms grow cotton, and having only a single crop made the economy unbalanced. D. Azerbaijan can receive income through its richness in oil, because of the Caspian Sea. Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are still tapping into their oil reserves. E. Ethnic and religious differences causes conflict. F. With the fall of the Soviet Union, who prevented the nations from fighting because of the ironfist rule, the ethnic groups began to battle. 1. Eg: Azerbaijan (Muslim country), which surrounded Nagorno-Karabakh (Armenian Christians), battled the Armenians during 1991-1994 when the Armenians pushed to be a new independent nation. III. Afghanistan and the World A. Afghanistan (mostly Muslim nation), which is the least developed country (it was inhabited by farmers or herders), surprised the world with war against the Soviet Union and U. S. B. Afghanistan had many struggles already. 1. Russia wanted Afghanistan because it was near the Indian Ocean 2. British wanted to protect the northern border of its Indian Empire with Afghanistan’s land, eventually fighting 3 wars prior to 1919. C. Afghanistan tries to modernize. 1. In 1919, Afghanistan declared itself a new independent nation, setting up a monarchy. 2. In 1964, reforms and a switch to a democratic government was proposed. . Officials could not agree on reforms, and people people were not interested in the Afghanistan government, so the proposals did not carry out. D. Communism starts to influence Afghanistan. 1. Afghanistan became stable enough to have ties with the U. S. and Soviet Union. 2. They were nonaligned during the Cold War and received support from both sides. 3. They were closely situated with the Soviets. 4. Military leaders overthrew the government in 1973 and rival groups who had close ties with Soviet communists seized power in 1978. 5. Communism conflicted with Islamic teachings. E. The Afghanis stayed loyal to their religion and did not fall to communism. 1. Those who believed that communism conflicted with Islamic teachings formed a group called Mujahideen, who freely fought and rebelled against the government supported by the Soviets. 2. The Soviets heard about this and tried to conquer Afghanistan in 1979-1980 as a new nation in its communist empire. 3. Afghanistan was supported by the U. S. and used guerilla warfare and their knowledge of the terrain to their advantage. 4. In a bloody 10 year war, the Soviets withdrew, and Afghanistan won. F. With the Soviets gone, rebels groups fought for power, and the victor was the Taliban. 1. They were a conservative Islamic group who were controlled 90% of the country by 1998. 2. They turned out to be Islamic Extremists who made strict rules that controlled every aspect of life (woman could not have jobs or go to school, you couldn’t listen to music or watch TV) and punished those who did not listen (severe beating, amputation, and execution). G. The Taliban played a major role in terrorism. 1. They allowed terrorists to train in Afghanistan. 2. They provided refuge to the al-Qaeda leader, Osama Bin Laden. 3. After September 11, the Taliban was asked to give up Osama Bin Laden, but they refused. 4. The U. S. bombed Taliban air defense, airfields, and command centers. 5. The Northern Alliance (anti-Taliban force) was supported by the U. S. and finally was able to overthrow the Taliban. H. Hamid Karzai, the selected leader after the overthrow of the Taliban, would find it hard to stabilize a nation who has been under decades of warfare, and he would also find it difficult to unite a nation with 12 different ethnic groups.

A Circuitous Path to Dentistry :: Dentistry Admissions Essays

A Circuitous Path to Dentistry I could hardly keep myself from staring at the girl: the right side of her face was misshapen and bigger than the left. Only later did I notice that Cheryl, about nine at the time, had light brown hair, lively brown eyes, and a captivating smile. When she walked into the candy shop where I worked six years ago, Cheryl told me she was a student of my former fourth grade teacher with whom I had kept in contact. We talked then and spent time talking each time she visited. She became a very special friend of mine, one whom I admire greatly. At the time we met, I was taking honors and AP classes, working about twenty hours a week, and feeling sorry for myself. Cheryl's outgoing confidence and good cheer put my situation in perspective. Cheryl was strong, kind, and surprisingly hopeful. She never focused on her facial deformities, but always on the anticipated improvement in her appearance. Her ability to find strength within herself inspired me to become a stronger person. It motivated me to pursue a career where I could help those like Cheryl attain the strength that she possesses. At the time, my initial interest turned toward psychology. Impressed with Cheryl's outlook, I overlooked the source of her strength: she knew that treatment will improve her appearance. Focusing on the emotional aspects of her illness, I volunteered at the Neuropsychiatric Institute. There, I supervised the daily activities of pre-adolescents, played with them, and assisted them in getting dressed. I worked with crack babies, autistic children, and children who had severe behavioral problems. I enjoyed interacting with the children, but I often became frustrated that I was not able to help them. For instance, a young autistic boy frequently hit himself. No one was permitted to stop this child. We had to turn away and allow him to continually strike and hurt himself until he tired. I was increasingly disappointed with the lack of progress I saw in my volunteer work at NPI, but my job again pushed me in the right direction. During the fall quarter of my junior year in college, I left the candy shop where I had worked for nearly five and a half years, and I began working as a senior clerk in the Anesthesiology Residency Program. Ironically work, which frequently made study difficult, helped me find the right

Prison Reform, We Need Change

In today's society, we’re facing many changes. Our own family, neighbors, and countrymen are afraid of many dangers that influence their lives. In America, we have somewhat of a low crime rate as far as murders, having a rating of twenty-four of sixty-two countries. Although our drug offense rate is number two of sixty-two, in the categories of rape, assault, and kidnapping, the United States tops at number one. We find ourselves asking, why? How did this nation accumulate such high numbers of these crimes? We point our fingers to prisoners and those who are or were convicted on the street. But we aren’t considering how they got that way in the first place. Everyone grows up with a role model, parent, guardian, some kind of example or someone they look up to. Studies show those who had a childhood involving physical abuse, neglect, or molestation would re-enact those actions, onto someone else. The society needs to change itself. People who sexually, physically, and emotionally abuse their children need to be rehabilitated or put through a program. When a person endures such abuse with no counseling to alter that mind set, that is when they begin to have criminal behavior. If we made the society a better place and properly handled the people who commit wrongdoings, incarceration rates would decline enormously. U. S. prisons are a breeding ground for violence. We’ve seen what people look like and act like after they’re released from prison. Most inmates get tattoos and maintain a prison mentality. That mentality is having respect, including violent acts when disrespected, and being tough. How is someone supposed to change for good when they’re held in isolation, segregation, or population? When a harmless person is admitted into a prison, especially a high security one, they are prone to become violent. The effects of feeling and being held down instead of being pushed to be a better individual have mad inmates very violent people. If you treat someone like an animal, especially a prisoner since they’re confined to small cells, they’re going to act like one. The history of prisons and the inmates who maintain a certain reputation, and recruit other criminals to be like them, have also been a problem within the system. So many gangs within the prisons have restrained many prisoners from becoming better individuals. Once a prisoner commits an act of violence onto another, their sentence and punishment is often increased. When an inmate doesn’t join or follow the gang life once they enter, they become targets with no defense. It has been increasingly hard to prevent these gangs from going on, that acceptance of them has become necessary for survival in jail. Some inmates are incapable of change. Statistics report almost half of the people in jail have a mental illness, most are not aware they have. So for those people, a positive change and rehabilitation will be harder to overcome. How is a person supposed to want to change and become a proper citizen when they are emotionally and physically suppressed? Of course a person needs to be accounted for their actions and be punished. But to maintain focus in a negative direction, will do no good within prison walls. To provide a stronger encouraging opportunity to change for cons will give them the option of being a citizen again, instead of residing to prison â€Å"hard life. Not only do the guards and gangs within the prisons affect the possibility of reform, but the people outside of the prison. If prisoners were given positive feedback for a good deed they performed within the walls, acknowledged for the good things or steps taken towards a better life, the idea of full reform would be very possible and effective. The environment in prison is so harsh, and sometimes life threatening, it makes it hard for a persons mind to be ta ken off the idea of just surviving. When you place an inmate sentenced for a drug offense in a cell next to someone sentenced for several murders, of course they’re going to become self-defensive. This creates fear in the harmless inmate, causing self-defense and that leads to violence. To prevent anything from happening, prisoners resort to being accepted by gangs – that’s how the violence, gambling, and trading rises and continues. A man by the name Michael Santos has been serving time, in prisons of all levels of security, for almost twenty-five years. Since 1995, he has found several habits that will make a prisoner successful, and has been teaching many classes to other inmates. He states this in an article he wrote, â€Å"I lived this program and derived a sense of fulfillment in showing others how such habits could enrich their lives, assist their prison adjustments, and prepare them to emerge successfully. † The habits he encouraged were: being proactive, begin with the end in mind, take first steps first, seek first to understand then be understood, think win/win, synergize, and continuously sharpen their approach. Successful inmates created their own opportunities for growth through positive adjustments. They understand the importance of bringing meaning to their lives despite prison conditions. In Michaels classes, he focused not on being released early, but enriching their lives in the present, despite the limitations of confinement. Although those withheld in federal prisons are not given the possibility of early release or probation, these habits should be set in lower level prisons. If we taught these classes or provided more of these programs, the success level of transformed prisoners would increase. Another reason we need to push for reform is the financial factor of imprisonment. We taxpayers pay more than sixty billion dollars a year and that number will continue skyrocketing. Unless we set programs in our prisons and rehabilitate offenders successfully, our rates will remain the same and our money will be spent on housing these criminals. If we put more effort into hiring better correctional staffs and provide more rehab programs, we would be housing a lot less criminals. Our tax dollars could be spent on improving our communities, schools, government, and providing healthcare for our country. If three prisoners were released, two of those three would return to prison as re-offenders within three years. This fact should bring attention to everyone that our prison system is horribly failing with rehabilitation of prisoners. Of course the mind sets inmates have in jail often remains once they’re released. If they lived such a way for a year or many years, regardless of the crime, it would be hard to change that person of their habits. That is why we need these programs and classes activated in our prisons. These classes would bring motivation, inspiration, show inmates the positive side of confinement and focus on becoming a successful individual upon release. A prison should be a place for improving one’s self after committing a crime, not for corruption. We know it will take a long time for such programs to become effective, but as long as we take small steps towards improvement in our prison system, we’ll see improvement in crime and imprison rates. Not only must we establish reform in more prisons, but we must improve our communities that are raising these criminals as well.

Richard Iii and Looking for Richard

Context results in historical and topical info around a certain point in literary work. Every text promotes values import. For indiv. And groups. RIII Wanted to prove legitimacy of Queen E’s rule- ’validity of her claim to throne’ –Divine right Context: Relatively peaceful, S makes R a devil and usurper to legitimise Eliz. Claim to throne. People were aware of RIII& Tudor’s overthrow of Platagenets, therefore play is dramatisation of actual events. Audience related to the values in the play-divine right, treatment and place of women, good&evil, religion.Nobles spoke in Iambic P, whilst servants spoke in rough prose, this was real, therefore made sense to the audience, everyone loved the theatre. â€Å"An honest tale speeds best, being plainly told† LFR grows from this, both demonstrate the intrinsic relationships between contexts and compositions of texts. King Richard III and Looking For Richard directly relate to historical and social conte xts respectively, social drawing on historical’s challenge to the context in which it was written.Shakespeare’s play was crafted in a difficult time of political and religious adherence. Shakespeare’s portrayal of Richard focuses on his devilish and Machiavellian nature. Machiavelli’s The Prince teaches that an adept ruler should aim to achieve power at any cost. Richard is a Machiavel; he calls himself a devil, ‘Thus like the formal Vice, Iniquity, I moralise two meanings in one word. ’ LFR ‘While some key values are explored, many are unique t the 1990’s’ The film and it’s immediacy & accessibility had replaced theatre, resulting in film.Ap’s perception was that cultural & societal obstacles prevented US from coming to appreciate Shakespeare. Scholars have made S seem too difficult-actors have impression that they can’t perform as well as their Eng. Counterparts. AP’s juxtaposition of the two texts and their contexts provided political insights into both time periods, and the autocratic/democratic societies. Critical reflections of ideologies. He presented autocratic nature of Eliz. society and questions whether Shak. could be democratised. Values are materialism and economism.

Dyslexia essays

Dyslexia essays The hardest thing a child or an adult can ever experience, which happens to be a fact is to be labeled by society as an ILLITERATE. This misconception comes about a pre-judged opinion by society, who think themselves capable of classifying people, by either their looks, their money, or their power. I can sincerely say we need to realize that these Special People need our help and understanding as unfortunately in the philippines, we do not have the proper educational facilities nor professional training necessary to give them a chance to live a normal life. They are crying for help, and as christians we should do everything in our human power to extend a helping hand. Its not their fault that they were born with this kind of deffeciency, in other countries especially the United States they have funding from different government agencies to help them overcome their dissabilities. With this paper I hope that questions like what is Dyslexia? Or its symtoms would be answered in such a way that it can be fully understood. ...

AIDS and HIV virus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AIDS and HIV virus - Essay Example HIV has many subtypes and hence development of a vaccine will have to be for all those subtypes hence only one form of HIV subtype will be cured and the others remain. According to World Health Organization (WHO) in 1996 â€Å"†¦estimates suggest that there were nearly 27.9 million cumulative cases of HIV worldwide since the start of the epidemic (Adler, 6).† With the onset of the virus, screening kits and tests were developed in 1985 and modern forms of the kits are still being developed. These kits measure the antibody assays of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 (subtypes) and give accurate positive or negative results. There are other more accurate tests carried out and also others done when results are needed quickly like screening the saliva and urine for anti-HIV, the results are however not always accurate as with the other screening tests. For more precise results however, the tests are repeated and follow up after around four weeks done. Since HIV results are sensitive and have great impact on the owner, confidentiality is always advocated for. In this regard, codes and not names are used and results sent in uttermost confidentiality. The testing is also done accurately to avoid misdiagnosis or contamination in case of blood transfusion. Patients are counseled before being tested and also before being given the results. They are also taught how to interpret the results before the testing so that they can check the results and interpret them for those with courage (Adler,

Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literacy - Essay Example The debate on literacy acquires attracts mixed reaction within given audiences. As such, clarity on the matter necessitates an analysis on active learning from a personal perspective. Active learning entails interactive session within learning forums that mandate individual participation. The segment supports imparting of knowledge through sensitive interventions that expand the learning environment. As such, a learner becomes aware of the immediate environment through use of critical thinking skills. I argue out that active learning evaluates the level of an individual’s literacy (Wood 171). Planned interactive sessions provide learning opportunities for various groups of people. The discussion on literacy during the class session generates noteworthy conclusions on the same subject. I obtained conclusive documents that literacy is a significant societal pillar that fosters individual development and improvement of general standards. Advanced literacy levels impact directly to a given community with productive results as deduced from a personal opinion. Other significant assumptions point to literacy as dominating factor of evaluating a country’s wealth. I therefore, Justify that these claims revolve around the availability of job opportunities for literate

South Koreas Constitutional Court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

South Koreas Constitutional Court - Essay Example As such, the judicial court systems operate independently despite the profile of the case or the people involved. The constitution in the US caters for the restriction of gun and marijuana. The national fire arm act (1934), the gun control act and the Brady bill among others stated the rules and set regulation of ownership. However, in 2009, the US begun considering a review of these regulations just like in South Korea. The motive behind the gun control, however, is more political and elite influenced than neutrally viewed. For instance, Chicago mayor Daley’s protection is catered for by the taxpayer’s money in hiring the bodyguards, but the citizens are denied by law to defend themselves using guns. The drug controls on the other side in the US traffickers are hunted down more than the users. It is evident that the elites who take part in most court cases have political motives rather than the quest for justice. As for this issue, a politician may decide to pick on a case in court for the purpose of gaining political ground or fame. Cases in Korea of such kinds arise when there is disagreement between different parties or individuals in the line of politics (Dae & Tae-gyu, 1990, p. 138). As such, the constitution is often defied by the political systems. In the US, this is not the case. The influence of â€Å"parties† is not let in any way except for the amicus curiae in common terms â€Å"friend of the court† This requires filing. Court is viewed as an option in the effect that the political influence is hindered. When the political strong holders cannot have any influence in achieving their interest, the court can be used in ensuring balanced justice. In the case of varied opinion on issues under controversy, the political influence and interest may overpower any other option. Taking an example of the gun ownership and marijuana use in the US, the political sides have always been against them thus influencing most cases in court.

Pick any Business Law Case and write a 4 Page paper including a Work Essay

Pick any Business Law Case and write a 4 Page paper including a Work Cited Page - Essay Example The facts of the case were simple, Pinnacle Entertainment Inc, a Delaware corporation possessing 97% interest on Belterra Resort Indiana, transferred the title and possession of a riverboat to Belterra Resort Indiana. Pinnacle acquired the remaining 3% interest on Belterra in August of 2001. The Indiana Departments of Revenue conducted an audit of sales tax and use tax of Belterra in 2002 and proclaimed in its assessment that Belterra owed tax amounting to $1,869,783 plus interest and penalty, for acquisition of the riverboat. Belterra protested against the assessment of the Department and the Department after hearing the matter, issued a letter of findings denying the letter of protest. Belterra filed an appeal with the Indiana Tax Court. Both the parties filed for summary motion. The court in Belterra Resort Ind, LLC v. Ind. Dep’t of State Revenue, 900 N.E. 2d 513, 517 granted Belterra’s motion for summary judgment and reasoned that Belterra was not liable for use tax on its acquisition of the river boat due to the fact that the transaction was a contribution to the capital and not the result of a retail transaction (â€Å"Indiana Department of Revenue†). The Revenue Department was not satisfied with this judgment and this led to the case in hand, which was filed in the Supreme Court of Indiana. The problems which the Supreme Court had to sort out before moving with the case were numerous. Firstly, reaching a conclusion that whether the transfer of the river boat from the parent company (Pinnacle) to its subsidiary company (Belterra) was a â€Å"retail transaction† under the Indiana code section 6-2.5-3-2(a), as because the use tax can be imposed on Belterra for the riverboat only when it was acquired under retail transaction (Indiana Department of Revenue v. Belterra Resort). Secondly, the court had to determine whether the riverboat was obtained with or without consideration. Belterra argued that when no consideration was given f or the riverboat, the transaction was not a retail transaction, as  § 6-2.5-4-1(b)(2) states, â€Å"[a] person is engaged in selling retail when†¦he†¦ transfers that property to another person for consideration† (Indiana Department of Revenue v. Belterra Resort ). Thirdly, in the instant case the other critical legal issue was to find out, whether capital contribution by itself meant transfer of property without consideration. Belterra cited Grand Victoria Casino & Resort, LP v. Ind. Department of State Revenue, 789 N.E.2d 1041 to support his contention that capital contribution without consideration gave exemption from taxes (Rucker 827). Fourthly, the court had to determine whether there was exchange of some form of consideration other than cash in between Pinnacle and Belterra. The problem was to get an answer to the questions that â€Å"Was there any other benefit inuring to Pinnacle?† or â€Å"Was there some detriment borne by Belterra?† (Rucker 828). Fifthly, the court had to determine whether the presence of consideration in a transaction is enough to make it a retail sale. Justice Boehm states, â€Å"‘consideration’ is a necessary but not a sufficient condition to render a transaction ‘Selling at retail’† (Rucker 829). This however was contradictory to what Justice Rucker opined before. In the former context it was stated that when capital contribut

Works of Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe

Works of Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969), a German-born architect is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of Modern architecture, responsible for establishing and popularizing a new architectural style in the U.S. Mies left Germany in 1938 to head the Armour Institute, which later became the Illinois Institute of Technology. His design of the Main Campus and of other important buildings, such as the apartment towers at 860 and 880 North Lake Shore Drive in Chicago and the Seagram Building in New York, helped set a new aesthetic standard for modern architecture. (Blake, 1960).Mies created an inspiring 20th century architectural style, stated with high clarity and simplicity. He carried the ideals of rationalism and minimalism to new levels. His work in US made use of modern materials such as steel and glass to define interior spaces.(Kostof, 1995). He called his buildings skin and bones architecture. He wanted to achieve an architecture with a minimal framework of structural o rder balanced against the implied freedom of free flowing space. Mies Buildings in US radiate the confidence, rationality and elegance of their creator, free of ornamentation excess.(Blake, 1960) His philosophy that less is more became a guideline for architects in the 20th century. (SearchQuotes) With the establishment of a new campus for the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Mies van der Rohe had the opportunity to plan the campus as well as several other of building. The Minerals and Metals building (1942- 1943) was Mies very first construction on the campus. This building marked the first step toward the realization of Mies master plan for the IIT campus which was one of his most famous works in America. This project is not something made by the God of Crown hall stated by Kevin Harrington but rather Mies urges us to understand the building as part of the development of his own architectural language.This is where we first see his transition from forms that has been dear to his heart, seen in his work in Europe, to new forms that were possible, necessary and significant. It is in the Minerals and Metals building we first see Mies use of rolled -steel- I beam as part of his structural grammar. Mies unconventional use of steel was a map to the inside of the building, a nd it inaugurated a technique he used again in his projects in America. Giedion,1982). Crown Hall (1950-1956). This building situated on the IIT campus is a modern masterpiece. The National Historic landmark described Crown hall as A straight forward expression of construction and materiality, which allows the structure to transcent into art. Crown hall is an enormous room, 120 x 220 ft. in plan, 18 ft. high without interior columns, used for the architectural school. The building is raised several feet above the ground to allow light for the below grade school of Design. The most interesting point is the structural solution of exposed structural beams above the roof, making dear the method of achieving the clear-span interior. The huge scale of the building and the column-free open plan of the main floor of Crown hall demonstrates Mies innovative concept of creating universal space. Mies van der Rohe ended his relationship with the school in 1958.(Blake, 1960) Exterior, entry faà §ade Open plan of Crown hall, creating universal space. Shifting away from Mies work on IIT campus, another of his well renowned work is Farnsworth House (1946-1951).A small weekend retreat outside Chicago. The Farnsworth house is one of the most radically minimalist houses ever designed. Its interior, a single room, subdivided by partitions and completely enclosed in glass.The muteness speaks to us through the gentle and contlingent setting of the house on its site Hartoonian(1984,pp.48).The building is held together by only eight steel columns. Mies van de Rohe was able to realize spatial and structural ideas. For example the I beams are both structural and expressive. The use of glass negates the dialectics of enclosure and openness Hartoonian(1984,pp.48). Farnsworth House which may seem as an iconic glass box to be viewed from afar is rather a space through which life unfolds both independently and interdependently with nature.(Blake, 1960). Sketch of Mies Farnsworths House. Floor plan of Farnsworth House. The Seagram Building on Park Avenue was Mies first attempt at tall office building construction.Mies creates a stunning monument to the International Styles faith in simplicity and clarity. The 38-story tower quickly began the countrys most influential and copied office building, an instant classic. The buildings external faces are given their character by the quality of the materials used the tinted glass and the bronze I-beams applied all the way up the building. In the picture below you can see the building is pulled back from street line to allow the building to circumvent the setback provisions of the city code as well as create its own breathing space(Kostof,1995) The Seagram Building is the first bronze-coloured skyscraper. The metal bronze skin that is seen in the facade is non-structural but is used to express the idea of the structural frame that is underneath. Additional vertical elements were also welded to the window panels, not only to stiffen the skin for installation and wind loading, but to aesthetically further enhance the vertical articulation of the building.(Blake,1960). Exterior view from the northwest Structural plan of one corner, showing the main . pier and projecting I- beams. 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago is another of Mies high rise building where he implied the same style of modern architecture carried in his projects in the US. The 26-story towers bordering Lake Michigan give a beautiful waterfront view. The reason for this creation involved his concept that architecture should be independent of the site. The buildings are renowned for their structural clarity and composition on the site. The same common materials are used in this project: steel, aluminium and glass. The most impressive feature of the building is the skin and bone expression of the steel and glass towers.The steel I-beams effortlessly define the structure while the glass suspends and encloses space. It is obvious that he relies on clarity of form achieved through elegant proportions. Prior to this point, structure was hidden within architecture, but here we see a change.Mies merged the two by exposing the steel, realizing his own words: When technology reaches it true fulfilment, it transcends into architecture This is not only seen in this project but many of his other projects in the US.(Blase,1999) Two apartment buildings at cross axis towards one another on the triangular site delivering view of surrounding area. Another of Mies very striking projects is Federal Center.Here once again we see the minimalist glass and steel design which is very simple yet very striking. According to the AIA guide of Chicago: Miess uncompromising devotion to principle, together with his vaunted sensitivity to proportion and structural detail, and, in this case, the organizational scale, combine to give the complex a monumental urban presence. Both towers are curtain-wall structures, characteristic of the high-rise design of Miess American period. Their steel frames, suppressed behind uniform walls of glass and steel, are marked off by projecting steel I-beam mullions. The Post Office, a unitary space with a central core, is similarly typical of Miess reductivist concept of the single-storey pavilion. Externally thin yet powerful structural columns of steel brace enormous panes of tinted glass. The plaza at the federal center is cold, uninviting which minimal seating and with this the one story post office, every thing feels very utilitarian. But this does not mean Mies lacked an eye for detail.His eye for details is seen through all glass design, which was very deliberate as well as the granite tiles of plaza to the granite walls in the lobby. Black I-beams look very industrial running up the side of the building and are completely ornamental. The Alexander Caldwells flamingo structure in the center is marked contrast to the plain building behind it.(Blaser,2004) The plaza of the Mies van der rohe designed Federal center in Chicago,The Klucynski builidng is to the left,one story post office to the right and Alezander Caldwells flamingo structure in the center. Mies van der Rohe without a doubt created an influential 20th century architectural style in the US, stated with high clarity and simplicity.He helped define modern architecture in the US by emphasizing open space, revealing the industrial materials used and reinventing the form of buildings. He carried the ideals of rationalism and minimalism to new levels. This is clearly evident in Minerals and Metals, Crown hall, Farnsworth house, Seagram building and the Federal Center.His use of modern materials such as glass and steel can also be seen in these buildings. Mies Buildings in the US radiate the confidence, rationality and elegance of their creator, free of excess ornamentation. He follows his philosophy that less is more and this approach of Mies is pertinent as ever in his projects.(Blake,1960).

Essay --

Studies on the presence of jealousy in romantic relationships have been increasingly polarized, with some researchers viewing jealousy as a destructive force in the maintenance of relationships while others view it as a positive measure of commitment (Ammon, 2004). Connected with rejection, jealousy is defined as a combination of feelings, thoughts and actions that arise following a real or perceived threat to one’s relationship (Ammon, 2004). â€Å"Sexual† jealousy evocation stimulates angry impulses and approach behaviours that function to maintain one’s relationship by disrupting affiliations between one’s partner and a perceived or real foe (Harmin-Jones, Peterson, & Harris, 2009). Harmon-Jones et al. (2009) designed a controlled and ethically sound method to arouse jealousy in the lab and observe the pattern of neural activity that is elicited when an individual actively experiences jealousy. Participants took part in a computer-generated ball-tossing game in which individuals were required to choose a partner from an assembly of photos and following the first 2 min of the game, half of the participants were ostracized by their chosen partner (the partner failed to toss the ball to them). The study found that when participants were rejected (especially by the opposite-sex partner); jealousy (feelings of anger) was induced. Additionally, it was found that the experience of jealousy (and anger) was linked to greater activation of the left frontal lobe. This study was successful in highlighting the contextual process of jealousy evocation in budding relationships (in this case, through ostracism) and also paved the way for more complex research on the role of jea lousy in the maintenance of a variety of romantic relationships. As su... ...tners might view other, more attractive alternatives more favourably (absence of perceived superiority) which would provide them with both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to move on. Additionally, this study can also provide extension into the understanding of partner abuse, which is twice as likely in on-off relationships (Moses, 2013). When difficulties arise in on-off relationships, couples lack the behaviours and social skills to diffuse conflict which then aggregates the issue into various forms of abuse (Moses, 2013). With an understanding of the positive influences of negative relational maintenance behaviours, it would be beneficial to use the knowledge from the hypothesized results to educate couples to erase negative connotations surrounding behaviours such as jealousy and manage them in ways that would strengthen and overcome relationship struggles.

Barclays Bank PLC Is A Multinational Company Essay

Amenities to attract highly skilled and creative persons at all important levels ? Tradition of closeness to key customers and target customers A business can differentiate itself by performing its existing value activities or reconfiguring in some unique ways. And the sustainability of that differentiation will depend on two things: a continuation of its high perceived value to buyers and a lack of imitation by competitors. There are many alternative strategic directions in which Barclaycard could implement in their current strategy of differentiation. These may include technology innovation or product/ service differentiation. Product/service differentiation Product differentiation occurs â€Å"when, owing to differences in physical attributes, ancillary service, geographic location, information, and/or subjective image, one firm’s products are clearly preferred by at least some buyers over rival products at a given price† (, 1990, ). For firms seeking to make their demand curve less elastic, successful differentiation provides an insulated position against competitors by enabling firms to sell a larger quantity at a given price or by allowing the firm to create brand loyalty in customers resulting in lower sensitivity to price. This uniqueness may build an entry barrier for competitors to overcome (, 1992; , 1980). However, being unique may require a trade-off with investment if achieving differentiation requires costly effort such as extensive research, product design, high quality materials, or intensive customer support. Thus, the firms employing the differentiation strategy cannot ignore costs and risk (, 1980). Horizontal product differentiation focuses on differences in attribute variety among competing brands. It occurs â€Å"when one brand contains more of some attributes but less of some other attributes in comparison to another brand† (). Consumers’ different tastes will exploit differing strong and weak points among brands given identical prices (, 1992). The shift towards consumerism is accelerating with significant implications in many of the markets in which we operate. Fundamentally, our view is that consumerism involves a shift in power from institutions towards consumers. The rapid transformation of the credit card industry – first with the severing of the traditional tie between bank accounts and credit cards and second, with the emergence of credit as a true commodity in the credit card industry – illustrates this so well. Consumers in the past were grateful if they received credit – it was seen as a right granted to a special few by a bank and hence banks held power over individuals. The value proposition was the availability of credit. Technology Innovation In the case of Barclaycard, it is could improve its operations and competitive advantage through real time design data driven tools. This tool would improve their credit limit strategies and increase their interest earning balances. A Fair, Isaac Model Builder for the decision trees may be used as this tool uses historical data to assist in identifying optimal account management strategies. Fair, Isaac Model Builder for Decision Trees is a PC Windows based application designed specifically to support data driven strategy design. It gives lenders the power to rapidly create new strategies in real time using multiple performance dimensions, to process large datasets rapidly so strategies at any point for greater understanding of the portfolio and transfers strategies to and from production application with ease, putting new strategies into production faster. This real time, highly interactive approach dramatically shortens the time between strategy creation and roll out. With Barclaycard objectives of the new strategies to increase interest bearing balances, increase turnover, control bad debt, and address attrition, Fair, Fair Isaac can be a big help for the organization. While the average number of cards in a person’s wallet has increased over the last five years, the value to an individual of having multiple cards will diminish in an environment where credit is a commodity.

Lsi Paper

The Self-Actually scale measures a way of thinking that results in the highest form of personal fulfillment. I scored on the high range. And according to the results I tend to have a great deal of confidence in myself and in my ability to make things better. My healthy outlook can positively influence my personal development, relationships, and effectiveness at work. I am able to determine what situation requires and act to improve it.Because I tend to be a person of principle, In my ability to make things better. While I may feel temporarily guilty over things I could have prevented, negative situations don't tend to worry me to a great extent. I use my available resources well, and make the most of any situation. While I can become fully involved in projects that interest me, I tend to leave situations I don't find as satisfying: my motivation to do something comes completely from within.I have many interests, and are open to new people and experiences. Others typically admire my c onfidence, spontaneity, and the Joy I experience In simply living. To become more self – actualities It suggests me to accept others with fewer conditions, restructure unpleasant tasks to make them more enjoyable, make it a point to do the things I enjoy regularly, see problems as opportunities for growth and development, live each day in the present and know myself.And the benefits I will gain when I am more self actualities is greater professional success, enhanced creativity and ability to be innovative,stronger acceptance of myself and others, the ability to set and act on personal goals, greater flexibility and divisiveness, Improved perspective and Judgment, openness to new experiences, increased satisfaction and happiness and the ability to relax and enjoy myself.The Humanistic-Encouraging 1 o'clock position: The Humanistic-Encouraging scale measures our interest In people, our tendency to care about others, and our ability to encourage them to Improve. I scored on the medium range closer to the higher range. And according to the survey I tend to often demonstrate concern for others and can be supportive of them. Because I generally try to encourage people in their efforts to improve, others probably see me as inspirational. I recognize the value of costive feedback and frequently use it as a motivator.To become more Humanistic- Encouraging it suggests met o think about qualities I admire in someone who was in some way responsible for my growth and development, increase my Interest In those around me, solicit Ideas and feedback, learn to accept people for who they are, put myself in someone else's place. The benefits would be improved ability to lead, manage or teach, closer, more rewarding relationships, more respect for others, feelings of satisfaction derived from encouraging others, the ability to achieve higher- laity results through seeking others' input, more patience, the ability to act as a mentor to others. Eve 2 O'clock position: Nine Titillate scale measures our degree AT commitment to forming and sustaining satisfying relationships. This style represents a need for social interaction and interpersonal contact. I scored on the high range and according to the survey results I tend to be most effective and comfortable in the company of others. I will generally strive to improve and maintain those relationships that are important to me. I value teamwork, cooperation and mutually rewarding legislations.I express my liking for a people, and because I am tactful and considerate of others' feelings, they tend to like me in return. The suggestions to become more affiliated are; to work at getting to know one person well, practice communicating effectively, communicate my sociability by smiling often, touching when appropriate, and making eye contact, learn to express my thoughts and feelings, take a motivational course or Join a professional, civic or recreational group.As a result there would occur satisfying relations hips, the ability to express my linings openly and honestly, a â€Å"support system† of friends, increased productivity at work due to more cooperative relationships, an interesting social life that includes interactions with a variety of people, feelings of comfort and ease around people, the ability to work well and cooperate as part of a team. Approval 3 o'clock position:The Approval scale measures our need to be accepted by others to increase or sustain our feelings of self-worth.I scored on the high range and according to the survey I typically work too hard to gain the approval of others. If I do not get people's full acceptance, tend to feel anxious. Although I may not always agree, I probably â€Å"go along† with others too easily and often. To reduce a need for approval I should voice my own opinions, learn to become more self-directed by setting some personal goals, realize that approval-seeking can result in one-sided relationships, practice facing confronta tions, talk to myself when you encounter disapproval.The benefits would be reduced levels of stress, heightened interest in personal growth and development, the belief that my opinions matter, improved relationships based on mutual respect, the ability to relax and be myself around there, confidence in my ability to handle conflict, stronger, well-defined beliefs, convictions and goals, more energy to devote to enjoying life and the knowledge that people's opinions cannot Jeopardize your sense of personal security.Conventional 4 o'clock position: The Conventional scale measures our tendency to act in a conforming way. While some conformity is necessary in life, too much can be restrictive. I scored on high range and according to the results I probably see rules as more important than ideas. My overly conservative behavior can keep me from trying new things. I may have difficulty taking even small risks. In a sense, being conventional involves trading my creativity and spontaneity fo r feelings of security.My tendency to hide behind regulations and procedures can involve discounting my own beliefs and opinions. To become less conventional it suggests me to recognize that conventionality is a way of hiding myself and avoiding developing as a person, ask myself if my life is how I want it to be, or if it has become merely adherence to rules and others' expectations, break out of my routine and do something -? anything -? different, focus on my own unique strengths and skills, look for ways to do thingsTransiently at work Ana at none Ana listen to myself. Becoming less conventional can result in the freedom to Express myself, creative, innovative approaches to tasks, self- set standards and goals, a stronger, more individualized sense of self, renewed belief in myself, increased flexibility, the confidence to fulfill your potential and spontaneity. Dependent 5 0†² clock position: The Dependent scale measures the degree to which we feel our efforts do not count .I scored on medium range closer to the higher range according to that I may find that my feelings of dependency are eroding my ability to get things done. When making decisions, I am are likely to seek the opinions of others not because my value participative decision-making, but because I feel safer when others set the course. To become more independent the survey suggests to learn something new.Take an assertiveness training course, or read a book on the subject, realize that no one can make me happy or unhappy, set a few small goals, strive to make decisions independently and take the initiative and assume a leadership role. Becoming more independent can result in these benefits like a sense of control over my life, self-set standards and goals, the ability to accomplish tasks ore efficiently, improvement in the quality of my relationships and the ability to take risks when appropriate.Avoidance 6 o'clock position :the Avoidance scale measures our tendency to use the defensive s trategy of withdrawal. We do this by hiding our feelings, or by shying away from situations we find threatening I scored on the medium range closer to the higher range and according to that I may have difficulty giving myself credit for my strengths: instead, ‘tend to focus on my shortcomings. I may choose to criticize myself when I make mistakes, rather than learning from them and moving forward.To become less Avoidance-oriented it suggests to determine what is threatening me and provoking unavoidable behavior, focus on my feelings, recognize that your personal worth is unrelated to your accomplishments, setbacks, relationships, or feelings, accomplish one small task every day and concentrate on interacting with people who provoke feelings of insecurity in me As a result I would me more confidence to take moderate risks, there will be reduced stress-related symptoms, greater opportunities for personal growth, fewer feelings of guilt and self-doubt, the ability to relax around others, a heightened awareness of my feelings and the ability to express the and broader interests and increased involvement in activities Oppositional 7 o'clock position :The Oppositional scale measures our tendency to use the defensive and aggressive strategy of disagreeing with others, and to seek attention by being critical and cynical. I scored on the medium range closer to the high range according to this I can be highly Judgmental and critical at times.I may not be easily influenced by the opinions of others and occasionally go out of my way to take a rigid, opposing view. Although I am are capable of admitting my mistakes,' tend to see greater fault in others than I do immensely. I most often blame others when feeling pressured or when things aren't going my way. To become less Oppositional; realize that instead of admiring me for my oppositional stands, others probably view me as an obstacle to overcome,withhold the urge to reject an idea until I fully unreason It, see ton ers' criticism AT you In a more positive align, praise toners more often and recognize that others have something valuable to contribute.The benefits are the ability to use my insight and questioning techniques in a more productive, sees antagonistic way, a more accepting attitude toward criticism, and the ability to learn from it, greater acceptance of my need to be closer to others, the ability to listen more effectively and gather all the facts before giving an opinion and an increased appreciation for the benefits of sincerely praising others Power 8 0†² clock position:The Power scale measures our tendency to associate our self-worth with the degree to which we can control and dominate others. I scored on the high range according to that I can be domineering and like to feel in charge at all times. I tend to feel threatened and helpless when not in absolute control, yet typically remain unaware of what is causing these feelings. It is generally difficult for me to accept cr iticism from any source. Most people are uncomfortable being open and honest with me because of my insensitive, abrupt manner. I may place an unhealthy amount of importance on status and prestige, and typically will not hesitate to manipulate people.My tendency to see people as objects to be maneuvered can negatively affect my relationships. While I may use the Power style successfully in the short run, using this style regularly can be destructive -? both to e and to those with whom I interact. Suggestions to become less Power-oriented; Seek feedback on my behavior from neutral sources, examine the quality of my relationships, I may be tying immense of self-worth to my ability to control situations and people, concentrate on developing some personal goals, try a more tactful, friendly approach to others and watch their reactions, increase your confidence in others by delegating assignments, spend more time listening, recognize that your need for power could be based on fear.Becomin g less Power-oriented can result in a ore effective, respected approach to my Job, more satisfying, productive relationships, reduced probability of stress-related medical symptom and increased confidence in the abilities of others. Competitive 9 o'clock position: The Competitive scale measures our need to establish a sense of self-worth through competing against and comparing ourselves to others I scored on the high range and according to it I tend to focus more on winning than on performance excellence. My preoccupation with being admired might cause me to overestimate my abilities, and I may rush into projects without fully realizing their implement. I generally like to be the center of attention, and are therefore susceptible to feelings of Jealousy and new when others draw attention from me.Rather than working with others cooperatively to achieve a goal, I tend to work against them in hopes of emerging as â€Å"better† than they are. This can put considerable strain on m y relationships -? others may tire of my competitive drive and prefer to avoid me. The survey suggests to use achievement-oriented thinking, participate in recreational sports strictly for fun, accept the fact that you can't be â€Å"the best† at everything, when oh make a mistake or perform poorly, resist the urge to obsess over it or blame others and collaborate on a project and work closely with another person. The Detentes AT Decoded less complete are enlarge-quality results willingness to cooperate with others, satisfying relationships and the ability to relax and enjoy life.Perfectionist 10 o'clock position :The Perfectionist scale measures the degree to which we feel a driven need to be seen by others as perfect. I scored on the high range and according to that I probably have difficulty simply doing my best. I tend to seek recognition by making sure that some or all areas of my life are flawless. Although I am task-oriented, I frequently see high-quality results as un satisfactory because they don't meet my unrealistic standards. To demonstrate my competence, I often set goals for myself that are higher than anyone else's. I tend to expect too much from others as well, causing them to see me as rigid and demanding.My perfectionist tendencies can actually limit my productivity at work , and its effects on my health can result in cardiovascular problems, frequent headaches, migraines, sleeplessness, ulcers, and anorexia. Constantly striving to be seen as perfect becomes a vicious circle: if I choose to let it, this drive could begin to rule my life. Suggestions to become less Perfectionist are ; recognize that your drive to be perfect is self-defeating and that it is rooted in my basic values about life. Understand that my work is not my worth, talk about your behavior with someone who knows you well, alter my standards in some activity, Just to see how the results differ and recognize that giving up my perfectionist behavior will actually improve my ability to accomplish things.Becoming less Perfectionist can result in; reduced emotional and physical symptoms of stress more realistic performance standards, increased managerial effectiveness, a more balanced life, with time for relaxation, increased productivity, more trusting, open relationships and the ability to accept failure and learn from it Achievement 1 1 o'clock position :The Achievement scale measures a way of thinking that is highly associated with personal effectiveness. I scored on the medium range closer to the higher range according to that I probably have a healthy desire for achievement and tend to be confident of my own judgment and abilities. Because I am typically direct, honest and consistently able to meet challenges, I can be effective in a leadership role. Suggestions to become more Achievement-oriented are ; assess where I am now, study my LSI profile, target where my effort can make an immediate, measurable difference, set goals around anything to he lp make goal-setting a habit, make it a point to take moderate risks, be supportive of myself. Lsi Paper The Self-Actually scale measures a way of thinking that results in the highest form of personal fulfillment. I scored on the high range. And according to the results I tend to have a great deal of confidence in myself and in my ability to make things better. My healthy outlook can positively influence my personal development, relationships, and effectiveness at work. I am able to determine what situation requires and act to improve it.Because I tend to be a person of principle, In my ability to make things better. While I may feel temporarily guilty over things I could have prevented, negative situations don't tend to worry me to a great extent. I use my available resources well, and make the most of any situation. While I can become fully involved in projects that interest me, I tend to leave situations I don't find as satisfying: my motivation to do something comes completely from within.I have many interests, and are open to new people and experiences. Others typically admire my c onfidence, spontaneity, and the Joy I experience In simply living. To become more self – actualities It suggests me to accept others with fewer conditions, restructure unpleasant tasks to make them more enjoyable, make it a point to do the things I enjoy regularly, see problems as opportunities for growth and development, live each day in the present and know myself.And the benefits I will gain when I am more self actualities is greater professional success, enhanced creativity and ability to be innovative,stronger acceptance of myself and others, the ability to set and act on personal goals, greater flexibility and divisiveness, Improved perspective and Judgment, openness to new experiences, increased satisfaction and happiness and the ability to relax and enjoy myself.The Humanistic-Encouraging 1 o'clock position: The Humanistic-Encouraging scale measures our interest In people, our tendency to care about others, and our ability to encourage them to Improve. I scored on the medium range closer to the higher range. And according to the survey I tend to often demonstrate concern for others and can be supportive of them. Because I generally try to encourage people in their efforts to improve, others probably see me as inspirational. I recognize the value of costive feedback and frequently use it as a motivator.To become more Humanistic- Encouraging it suggests met o think about qualities I admire in someone who was in some way responsible for my growth and development, increase my Interest In those around me, solicit Ideas and feedback, learn to accept people for who they are, put myself in someone else's place. The benefits would be improved ability to lead, manage or teach, closer, more rewarding relationships, more respect for others, feelings of satisfaction derived from encouraging others, the ability to achieve higher- laity results through seeking others' input, more patience, the ability to act as a mentor to others. Eve 2 O'clock position: Nine Titillate scale measures our degree AT commitment to forming and sustaining satisfying relationships. This style represents a need for social interaction and interpersonal contact. I scored on the high range and according to the survey results I tend to be most effective and comfortable in the company of others. I will generally strive to improve and maintain those relationships that are important to me. I value teamwork, cooperation and mutually rewarding legislations.I express my liking for a people, and because I am tactful and considerate of others' feelings, they tend to like me in return. The suggestions to become more affiliated are; to work at getting to know one person well, practice communicating effectively, communicate my sociability by smiling often, touching when appropriate, and making eye contact, learn to express my thoughts and feelings, take a motivational course or Join a professional, civic or recreational group.As a result there would occur satisfying relations hips, the ability to express my linings openly and honestly, a â€Å"support system† of friends, increased productivity at work due to more cooperative relationships, an interesting social life that includes interactions with a variety of people, feelings of comfort and ease around people, the ability to work well and cooperate as part of a team. Approval 3 o'clock position:The Approval scale measures our need to be accepted by others to increase or sustain our feelings of self-worth.I scored on the high range and according to the survey I typically work too hard to gain the approval of others. If I do not get people's full acceptance, tend to feel anxious. Although I may not always agree, I probably â€Å"go along† with others too easily and often. To reduce a need for approval I should voice my own opinions, learn to become more self-directed by setting some personal goals, realize that approval-seeking can result in one-sided relationships, practice facing confronta tions, talk to myself when you encounter disapproval.The benefits would be reduced levels of stress, heightened interest in personal growth and development, the belief that my opinions matter, improved relationships based on mutual respect, the ability to relax and be myself around there, confidence in my ability to handle conflict, stronger, well-defined beliefs, convictions and goals, more energy to devote to enjoying life and the knowledge that people's opinions cannot Jeopardize your sense of personal security.Conventional 4 o'clock position: The Conventional scale measures our tendency to act in a conforming way. While some conformity is necessary in life, too much can be restrictive. I scored on high range and according to the results I probably see rules as more important than ideas. My overly conservative behavior can keep me from trying new things. I may have difficulty taking even small risks. In a sense, being conventional involves trading my creativity and spontaneity fo r feelings of security.My tendency to hide behind regulations and procedures can involve discounting my own beliefs and opinions. To become less conventional it suggests me to recognize that conventionality is a way of hiding myself and avoiding developing as a person, ask myself if my life is how I want it to be, or if it has become merely adherence to rules and others' expectations, break out of my routine and do something -? anything -? different, focus on my own unique strengths and skills, look for ways to do thingsTransiently at work Ana at none Ana listen to myself. Becoming less conventional can result in the freedom to Express myself, creative, innovative approaches to tasks, self- set standards and goals, a stronger, more individualized sense of self, renewed belief in myself, increased flexibility, the confidence to fulfill your potential and spontaneity. Dependent 5 0†² clock position: The Dependent scale measures the degree to which we feel our efforts do not count .I scored on medium range closer to the higher range according to that I may find that my feelings of dependency are eroding my ability to get things done. When making decisions, I am are likely to seek the opinions of others not because my value participative decision-making, but because I feel safer when others set the course. To become more independent the survey suggests to learn something new.Take an assertiveness training course, or read a book on the subject, realize that no one can make me happy or unhappy, set a few small goals, strive to make decisions independently and take the initiative and assume a leadership role. Becoming more independent can result in these benefits like a sense of control over my life, self-set standards and goals, the ability to accomplish tasks ore efficiently, improvement in the quality of my relationships and the ability to take risks when appropriate.Avoidance 6 o'clock position :the Avoidance scale measures our tendency to use the defensive s trategy of withdrawal. We do this by hiding our feelings, or by shying away from situations we find threatening I scored on the medium range closer to the higher range and according to that I may have difficulty giving myself credit for my strengths: instead, ‘tend to focus on my shortcomings. I may choose to criticize myself when I make mistakes, rather than learning from them and moving forward.To become less Avoidance-oriented it suggests to determine what is threatening me and provoking unavoidable behavior, focus on my feelings, recognize that your personal worth is unrelated to your accomplishments, setbacks, relationships, or feelings, accomplish one small task every day and concentrate on interacting with people who provoke feelings of insecurity in me As a result I would me more confidence to take moderate risks, there will be reduced stress-related symptoms, greater opportunities for personal growth, fewer feelings of guilt and self-doubt, the ability to relax around others, a heightened awareness of my feelings and the ability to express the and broader interests and increased involvement in activities Oppositional 7 o'clock position :The Oppositional scale measures our tendency to use the defensive and aggressive strategy of disagreeing with others, and to seek attention by being critical and cynical. I scored on the medium range closer to the high range according to this I can be highly Judgmental and critical at times.I may not be easily influenced by the opinions of others and occasionally go out of my way to take a rigid, opposing view. Although I am are capable of admitting my mistakes,' tend to see greater fault in others than I do immensely. I most often blame others when feeling pressured or when things aren't going my way. To become less Oppositional; realize that instead of admiring me for my oppositional stands, others probably view me as an obstacle to overcome,withhold the urge to reject an idea until I fully unreason It, see ton ers' criticism AT you In a more positive align, praise toners more often and recognize that others have something valuable to contribute.The benefits are the ability to use my insight and questioning techniques in a more productive, sees antagonistic way, a more accepting attitude toward criticism, and the ability to learn from it, greater acceptance of my need to be closer to others, the ability to listen more effectively and gather all the facts before giving an opinion and an increased appreciation for the benefits of sincerely praising others Power 8 0†² clock position:The Power scale measures our tendency to associate our self-worth with the degree to which we can control and dominate others. I scored on the high range according to that I can be domineering and like to feel in charge at all times. I tend to feel threatened and helpless when not in absolute control, yet typically remain unaware of what is causing these feelings. It is generally difficult for me to accept cr iticism from any source. Most people are uncomfortable being open and honest with me because of my insensitive, abrupt manner. I may place an unhealthy amount of importance on status and prestige, and typically will not hesitate to manipulate people.My tendency to see people as objects to be maneuvered can negatively affect my relationships. While I may use the Power style successfully in the short run, using this style regularly can be destructive -? both to e and to those with whom I interact. Suggestions to become less Power-oriented; Seek feedback on my behavior from neutral sources, examine the quality of my relationships, I may be tying immense of self-worth to my ability to control situations and people, concentrate on developing some personal goals, try a more tactful, friendly approach to others and watch their reactions, increase your confidence in others by delegating assignments, spend more time listening, recognize that your need for power could be based on fear.Becomin g less Power-oriented can result in a ore effective, respected approach to my Job, more satisfying, productive relationships, reduced probability of stress-related medical symptom and increased confidence in the abilities of others. Competitive 9 o'clock position: The Competitive scale measures our need to establish a sense of self-worth through competing against and comparing ourselves to others I scored on the high range and according to it I tend to focus more on winning than on performance excellence. My preoccupation with being admired might cause me to overestimate my abilities, and I may rush into projects without fully realizing their implement. I generally like to be the center of attention, and are therefore susceptible to feelings of Jealousy and new when others draw attention from me.Rather than working with others cooperatively to achieve a goal, I tend to work against them in hopes of emerging as â€Å"better† than they are. This can put considerable strain on m y relationships -? others may tire of my competitive drive and prefer to avoid me. The survey suggests to use achievement-oriented thinking, participate in recreational sports strictly for fun, accept the fact that you can't be â€Å"the best† at everything, when oh make a mistake or perform poorly, resist the urge to obsess over it or blame others and collaborate on a project and work closely with another person. The Detentes AT Decoded less complete are enlarge-quality results willingness to cooperate with others, satisfying relationships and the ability to relax and enjoy life.Perfectionist 10 o'clock position :The Perfectionist scale measures the degree to which we feel a driven need to be seen by others as perfect. I scored on the high range and according to that I probably have difficulty simply doing my best. I tend to seek recognition by making sure that some or all areas of my life are flawless. Although I am task-oriented, I frequently see high-quality results as un satisfactory because they don't meet my unrealistic standards. To demonstrate my competence, I often set goals for myself that are higher than anyone else's. I tend to expect too much from others as well, causing them to see me as rigid and demanding.My perfectionist tendencies can actually limit my productivity at work , and its effects on my health can result in cardiovascular problems, frequent headaches, migraines, sleeplessness, ulcers, and anorexia. Constantly striving to be seen as perfect becomes a vicious circle: if I choose to let it, this drive could begin to rule my life. Suggestions to become less Perfectionist are ; recognize that your drive to be perfect is self-defeating and that it is rooted in my basic values about life. Understand that my work is not my worth, talk about your behavior with someone who knows you well, alter my standards in some activity, Just to see how the results differ and recognize that giving up my perfectionist behavior will actually improve my ability to accomplish things.Becoming less Perfectionist can result in; reduced emotional and physical symptoms of stress more realistic performance standards, increased managerial effectiveness, a more balanced life, with time for relaxation, increased productivity, more trusting, open relationships and the ability to accept failure and learn from it Achievement 1 1 o'clock position :The Achievement scale measures a way of thinking that is highly associated with personal effectiveness. I scored on the medium range closer to the higher range according to that I probably have a healthy desire for achievement and tend to be confident of my own judgment and abilities. Because I am typically direct, honest and consistently able to meet challenges, I can be effective in a leadership role. Suggestions to become more Achievement-oriented are ; assess where I am now, study my LSI profile, target where my effort can make an immediate, measurable difference, set goals around anything to he lp make goal-setting a habit, make it a point to take moderate risks, be supportive of myself.