Azacitidine are DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors - 641 Words

Azacytidine or 5 AZC Trade Name : Vidaza Introduction: Azacitidine are DNA Methyltransferase inhibitors. Azacitidine being an analog for cytidine gets integrated into the DNA sequence of the DNMT gene, the gene turns dysfunctional, inhibiting the DNA methyltransferase enzymes which normally methylate DNA. Azacitidine is used primarily for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes or MDS- a blood disorder which affects the bone marrow leading to a low or ineffective production of blood cells. The cancerous overgrowth of a number of immature cells or blasts and the abnormally developed or dysplastic cells increase, thereby reducing the cell count of normal red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Azacitidine as a chemotherapeutic drug (in low doses) prevents the body from making nucleic acids required for cell growth of the cancerous cells. This stops the growth of cancer cells and leads to cell death. Azacitidine also appears to help restore normal growth and differentiation (cell specialization) in the cells of the bone marrow. This betters the bone marrow production of normal blood cells. Discovery: Azacitidine was first synthesized by Piskala and Sorm in 1964 [Piskala A, Sorm F. (1964). Collect Czech Chem. Commun., 29: 2060-2076]. It was developed as a nucleoside antimetabolite specifically used for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (Cihak, 1974;Sorm et al., 1964). But studies later revealed that this drug inhibited cell mitosis with highShow MoreRelated5-Azacytidine is a Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents for Cancer1430 Words   |  6 PagesOverview 5-Azacytidine is a chemical analogue of cytidine, a nucleoside present in DNA and RNA with antineoplastic activity. It is sold under the brand name Vidaza. The drug was first synthesized in Czechoslovakia as potential chemotherapeutic agents for cancer. It is an inhibitor of DNA methylation and was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in May 2004. MDS are diseases caused by abnormalities in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow, which result inRead MoreCancer Therapies And The Lack Of Effectiveness1254 Words   |  6 Pagestreatments, such as radiation, promote cancer growth. The use of natural products from microorganisms as anticancer therapies was developed in response to the urgent need of initiating more effective treatment options. Histone deacetylases (HBAC) inhibitors have exemplified strong potential, with three compounds approved by the FDA and several other undergoing clinical studies. Du et al. recently conducted a thorough study, describing the potential of a compound known as 1-alaninechlamydocin and itsRead MoreDiet Mediated And Transgenerational Epigenetic Effects1186 Words   |  5 Pages Martienssen, 2014). One recent study showed that children of obese fathers were at a higher risk of developing obesity themselves. The epigenetic marks of lean and obese men showed similar histone positioning between the two groups but differing DNA methylation patterns, notably in areas of the genome that control satiety. This finding implies that the epigenetic marks of human spermatozoa changed in response to environmental pressure, which in turn p ropagate obesity in future generations (Barrà ¨s

The Unites States Education Reform - 1809 Words

The Unites States Education Reform The United States Board of Education fosters the mission statement to, â€Å"promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access†(U.S. Department of Education). The United States currently uses standardized test to serve as a knowledge check point. The system then compares the test results to develop a black and white curriculum for all students, failing to include aspects of different learning techniques. The standardized results provided excellent information about students ability to comprehend a statement and regurgitate an answer by filling in A, B, or C. The tests fail to promote creativity and diverse thinking. In a perfect†¦show more content†¦As stated in the Atlantis, one of America’s leading political magazines, â€Å"Finland s success is especially intriguing because Finnish schools assign less homework and engage children in more creative play†(Partanen). So how is Finland consistently turning in some of the highest test results? Could the United State’s k-12 education ever adapt to reform its system to reflect Finland s suggests? To improve the United States current education, schools need to find an alternative to standardized tests and make classrooms more interactive. The curriculum needs to be focused on students’ futures to prepare them for the 21st century, not the past. Prince EA, a motivational filmmaker, poet, and speaker, made a YouTube video about the United States education system, he opens with a quote from Albert Einstein that states, â€Å"Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.† To put this into perspective, standardized tests represent the tree and students represent the fish. Most students don’t process information in the same way. In Fact, it’s widely accepted that different approaches to learning have numerous advantages to stimulate students’ learning motivation (Proulx etc.). Many modern day U.S. schools use digital game-based learning. This approach, â€Å"integrat[es] appropriateShow MoreRelatedHow the United States Government Has Changed1030 Words   |  5 PagesSince the fight for liberty from Europe, the political system of the United States had change for good. The United States had made improvement in t heir government structure to make the country a better place. The country has being affected in many different ways since the departure from the mother country. Due to the liberty the American people wanted, they had to make a government that could lead them to a better country than the mother country. The American people had being making many improvementsRead MoreImmigration : A Nation Of Immigrants937 Words   |  4 Pagesfix the United States’ many economic and social problems with his immigration reform. This plan, which promises temporary citizenship to qualifying immigrants, has put a strain in the relationship between the national and state governments. Texas’ current governor Greg Abbott is currently taking legal action against President Obama’s administration, he argues that President Obama’s immigration reform will hurt the economy. Greg Abbott is not only fighting Obama’s immigration reform but he is alsoRead MoreReactionary Policies173 2 Words   |  7 Pagesof extreme repression. He turned his back on reform all together and instituted a series of predictable repressive measures that collectively known as â€Å"The Reaction†. There were numerous reactionary policies brought in by the new and unexpected Tsar, one of which was known as Russification. This particular policy was brought in in 1881 at the very beginning of the Tsar’s reign, it has three main aims: repression of opponents; undoing the liberal reforms of his father and restoring Russia’s positionRead MorePresident Obama s Presidential Election1669 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States holds a presidential election every four years. The current president, Barack Obama, is unable to seek reelection for third time because the Twenty-second Amendment states a president can only serve two terms. President Obama’s final term ends January 20th, 2017, the same day as the new presidential inauguration. The new president to be induc ted will be elected November 8th, 2016, Election Day. The race to be president began shortly after the 2014 presidential election, where candidatesRead MoreAchievement of the Goals Set Down in the Charter Oath of 1868 by 1895630 Words   |  3 Pagesuncivilized customs, to learn useful and practical knowledge and the national interest would override all other interests. After examining the result of certain reform items, the goals set down in the Charter Oath were to a large extent achieved by 1895. The Charter Oath promised an elected assembly to discuss and to decide state affairs. It was achieved by the creation of a constitutional government in 1889. The Meiji granted the Japanese people certain rights never before knownRead MoreThe Liberal Election Victory of 1906 Essay1387 Words   |  6 PagesElection Victory of 1906 The Liberals won a landslide election victory in 1906. It is claimed that the loss of power for the Conservatives was largely due to a decline in fortunes as the party split due to issues over tariff reforms. On the other hand it is assumed that the loss was due to the complacency and the neglect of Workingmens Interests. Arthur James Balfour had become the Conservative leader in the House of Commons and served (1891-92, 1895-1903) as theRead MoreThe Opening Of Japan And China Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesJonah Noel December 3, 2016 The â€Å"opening† of Japan and China; A love story Throughout history, dozens of countries have adopted isolationist policies on countless different occasions. For example, in the United States in the 1930’s, many Americans felt that amidst the Great Depression, the government should focus its efforts on solving problems at home before intervening in international affairs. Furthermore, today, totalitarian dictators often isolate their countries in order to consolidate theirRead MoreAre Colleges Worth The Price Of Admission?928 Words   |  4 PagesThe ideal purpose of a college education was not to become the greatest financial outlay for a parent or guardian. It’s basic mission was to challenge the minds of younger individuals but instead many are burdened with staggering loans from something that was meant essentially to benefit. It has become a common burden for a family to be in debt six figures behind college tuition and colleges are losing their primary purpose of challenging the mind of young individuals. The e ssay â€Å"Are Colleges WorthRead MoreThe Education Of The Public Education763 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum in schools is undergoing a revolution in public education. This revolution is sparked by an increase in federal funding over the last decade. Between the years of 2011 and 2015, the federal government alone invested between three and 3.7 billion dollars yearly for STEM education (Johnson, 2012) (White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, 2014) and new STEM educational instructional strategies (Bruce-Dacis, GubbinsRead MoreA Balanced Believers Reform Movement1248 Words   |  5 PagesBalanced Believers Reform The time and need for reform has never been greater than it is right now. The way in which the world is moving is causing divisions among the people of the Islamic faith. Now is the time to look to the Qur’an and the hadith. We must achieve the right balance of maintaining our acts toward God, while modernizing and changing with the times, in order to better benefit society and people as a whole. This is why our reform movement urges all Muslims to join this cause and become

The Facts and Fictions of the Salem Witch Trials Free Essays

The idea of witchcraft has been a controversial topic since the begging of time however, witchcraft became better known in 1692, with the begging of the Salem witch trials. Many stories have been written about the Salem witch trials. Some are found in journals, other stories are exaggerated from those journals. We will write a custom essay sample on The Facts and Fictions of the Salem Witch Trials or any similar topic only for you Order Now The comparison of historical facts and the play the Crucible are the perfect example of an exaggerated actual event. During the Salem witch trials, Tituba was asked to make a â€Å"witchcake† in order to figure was afflicting Betty Parris. She was later accused of witchcraft by Betty and Abigail Parris. Betty and Abigail Parris were the first to be afflicted. Actual symptoms consisted of violent physical tantrums. Rebecca Nurse was hung on July 19th , John Proctor on August 19th, and Martha Corey on September 22nd. Tituba brought stories of voodoo and other supernatural events from Barbados. This alone compelled the girls to take part in harmless fortune-telling. Mrs. Parris was alive during the incident and died in 1696, four years after the incident. The Parris family consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Parris, Betty, Thomas, and Susannah, Abigail was only â€Å"kinfolk†. After the trials Betty was sent away. Tituba was acutally an Indian woman who had a husband named John and a daughter Violet. She was also tortured for a long time before she confessed. John was actually 60 and a tavern keeper. Elizabeth was is 3rd wife. John had a daughter that was 15, a son that is 17, and another son that is 33 from a previous marriage. Mary Warren was 20. The adultery between Abigail and John is unlikely to occur as they lived far from each other and Abigail never worked for them. Rebecca Nurse was considered least likely to be a witch- she was seen as saint-like. The Nurses were not extremely respected because they owed money. Martha Corey was accused of witchcraft and didn’t enter a plea. He was pressed with stones in an attempt to force him to plea either was, but he refused. In The Crucible, Tituba was accused of leading 6 girls into the forest to cast spells and charms by a wild dancing ritual. Ruth Putnam was the first girl to be afflicted. The only symptom of bewitchment was not being able to woke from a deep slumber. John Proctor, Rebecca Nurse, and Martha Corey were all hung on the same day. Mrs. Parris has been dead for years and the family consisted of Betty. Mr. Parris, Abigail, and Tituba. Betty was present for the trials. Tituba was a single and didn’t have a family as a slave. Tituba confessed quickly. John Proctor is young and is a farmer. Elizabeth is his only wife. John Proctor only has 2 young sons. Marry Warren was 17. John and Abigail committed adultery. Abigail worked for the Proctor before Mary. The daughter’s named Ruth Putnam. Ruth was the only child of 8 the survive. Both of the Nurses were deeply respected and revered. Giles Corey was executed for refusing to reveal the name of a witness. But, none of this really occurred during the Salem Witch Trials. In my opinion, The Crucible reflected a lot of what happened during the Salem witch trials, but I feel like Arthur Miller exaggerated the historical facts. Miller changed the people’s lives. I think he intentionally changed the story like that to make it more interesting, but he changed it just a little to much. How to cite The Facts and Fictions of the Salem Witch Trials, Essay examples